☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THESECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended June 30, 2023
or
☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from _____ to ________
Commission File Number: 001-08052
GLOBE LIFE INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Delaware
63-0780404
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)
(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
3700 South Stonebridge Drive, McKinney, Texas75070
(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)
(972) 569-4000
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
NONE
(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of each class
Trading Symbol(s)
Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, $1.00 par value per share
GL
New York Stock Exchange
4.250% Junior Subordinated Debentures
GL PRD
New York Stock Exchange
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filer
☒
Accelerated filer
☐
Non-accelerated filer
☐
Smaller reporting company
☐
Emerging growth company
☐
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.
☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒
Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date.
As used in this Form 10-Q, “Globe Life,” the “Company,” “we,” “our” and “us” refer to Globe Life Inc., a Delaware corporation incorporated in 1979, its subsidiaries and affiliates.
(Dollar amounts in thousands, except per share data)
Three Months Ended June 30,
Six Months Ended June 30,
2023
2022
2023
2022
Revenue:
Life premium
$
781,733
$
756,892
$
1,554,330
$
1,506,020
Health premium
329,187
320,307
651,680
635,991
Other premium
—
—
—
—
Total premium
1,110,920
1,077,199
2,206,010
2,142,011
Net investment income
261,244
244,712
518,349
489,606
Realized gains (losses)
(45,843)
(30,446)
(76,770)
(37,690)
Other income
85
299
135
463
Total revenue
1,326,406
1,291,764
2,647,724
2,594,390
Benefits and expenses:
Life policyholder benefits(1)
512,664
492,364
1,020,641
987,793
Health policyholder benefits(2)
195,924
190,075
386,886
379,093
Other policyholder benefits
8,922
8,992
17,910
18,694
Total policyholder benefits
717,510
691,431
1,425,437
1,385,580
Amortization of deferred acquisition costs
94,080
86,185
186,402
170,681
Commissions, premium taxes, and non-deferred acquisition costs
138,459
126,213
276,256
251,722
Other operating expense
86,033
89,658
170,204
174,010
Interest expense
25,818
21,828
50,685
41,772
Total benefits and expenses
1,061,900
1,015,315
2,108,984
2,023,765
Income before income taxes
264,506
276,449
538,740
570,625
Income tax benefit (expense)
(49,246)
(52,476)
(99,870)
(109,168)
Net income
$
215,260
$
223,973
$
438,870
$
461,457
Basic net income per common share
$
2.26
$
2.28
$
4.58
$
4.67
Diluted net income per common share
$
2.24
$
2.26
$
4.52
$
4.63
(1)Net of remeasurement gain of $2.4 million and $1.7 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Net of remeasurement gain of $5.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and a remeasurement loss of $4.1 million for the same period in 2022.
(2)Net of remeasurement gain of $2.6 million and $2.1 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Net of remeasurement gain of $532 thousand and $4.0 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
Prior period amounts have been adjusted for the adoption of ASU 2018-12 on January 1, 2023.
See accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Dollar amounts in thousands, except per share data)
Note 1—Significant Accounting Policies
Business: (Globe Life), (the Company), refers to Globe Life Inc., an insurance holding company incorporated in Delaware in 1979, and Globe Life Inc. subsidiaries and affiliates. Globe Life Inc.'s direct or indirect primary subsidiaries are Globe Life And Accident Insurance Company, American Income Life Insurance Company, Liberty National Life Insurance Company, Family Heritage Life Insurance Company of America, and United American Insurance Company. The underwriting companies are owned by their ultimate corporate parent, Globe Life Inc. (Parent Company).
Globe Life provides a variety of life and supplemental health insurance products and annuities to a broad base of customers. The Company is organized into four reportable segments: life insurance, supplemental health insurance, annuities, and investments.
Globe Life markets its insurance products through a number of distribution channels, each of which sells the products of one or more of Globe Life's insurance segments. Our distribution channels consist of the following exclusive agencies: American Income Life Division (American Income), Liberty National Division (Liberty National) and Family Heritage Division (Family Heritage); an independent agency, United American Division (United American); and our Direct to Consumer Division (DTC).
Basis of Presentation: The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements of Globe Life have been prepared in accordance with the instructions to Form 10-Q. Therefore, they do not include all of the disclosures required by accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (GAAP) for annual financial statements. However, in the opinion of management, these statements include all adjustments, consisting of normal recurring adjustments, which are necessary for a fair presentation of the condensed consolidated financial position at June 30, 2023, and the condensed consolidated results of operations, comprehensive income, and cash flows for the periods ended June 30, 2023 and 2022. The interim period condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Consolidated Financial Statements that are included in the Form 10-K filed with the Securities Exchange Commission (SEC) on February 23, 2023.
Use of Estimates: The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. See further documentation in the significant accounting policies or the accompanying notes.
Significant Accounting Policy Updates: The following accounting policies were updated since the 2022 Form 10-K due to the adoption of ASU 2018-12, Financial Services - Insurance (Topic 944): Targeted Improvements to the Accounting for Long-Duration Contracts (ASU 2018-12). Refer to Note 2—New Accounting Standards for additional information on the financial statement impacts related to the adoption of this standard.
Future Policy Benefits—The liability for future policy benefits for traditional and limited-payment long duration life and health products comprises approximately 92% of the total liability for future policy benefits. The liability is determined each reporting period based on the net level premium method. This method requires the liability for future policy benefits be calculated as the present value of estimated future policyholder benefits and the related termination expenses, less the present value of estimated future net premiums to be collected from policyholders. Net level premiums reflect a recomputed net premium ratio1 using actual experience since the issue date or the Transition Date, and expected future experience. The liability is accrued as premium revenue is recognized and adjusted for differences between actual and expected experience. Long-duration insurance contracts issued by the Company are grouped into cohorts based on the contract issue year, distribution channel, legal entity, and product type.
1The net premium ratio is the percentage of gross premiums needed to fund actual and expected benefits and related settlement expenses.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Dollar amounts in thousands, except per share data)
Both the present value of expected future benefit payments and the present value of expected future net premiums are based primarily on assumptions of discount rates, mortality, morbidity, lapse, and persistency. Each quarter, the Company remeasures its liability for future policy benefits using current discount rates with the effect of the change recognized in Other Comprehensive Income, a component of shareholders’ equity. In addition, the Company recognizes a liability remeasurement gain or loss within the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations using original discount rates, and relating to actual experience under the net premium calculation, as compared to the prior reporting period assumptions.
The Company regularly reviews its cash flow assumptions (mortality, morbidity, lapses, and persistency) used to calculate the change in the liability for future policy benefits. These cash flow assumptions are updated as necessary in the third quarter of every year, or more frequently if suggested by experience. If cash flow assumptions are changed, the net premium ratio is recalculated from the original issue date, or the Transition Date, using actual experience and projected future cash flows. When the expected future net premiums exceed the expected future gross premiums, or the present value of future policyholder benefits exceeds the present value of expected future gross premiums, the liability for future policy benefits is adjusted with changes recognized in policyholder benefits on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. The cash flow assumptions do not include an adjustment for adverse deviation. Mortality tables used for individual life insurance include various industry tables and reflect modifications based on Company experience. Morbidity assumptions for individual health are based on Company experience and industry data. Lapse and persistency assumptions are based on Company experience.
The liability for future policy benefits is discounted as noted above, using a current upper-medium grade fixed-income instrument yield that reflects the duration characteristics of the liability for future policy benefits. The methodology for determining current discount rates consists of constructing a discount rate curve intended to be reflective of the currency and tenor of the insurance liability cash flows. The methodology is designed to prioritize observable inputs based on market data available in the local debt markets denominated in the same currency as the policies. For the discount rates applicable to tenors for which the single-A debt market is not liquid or there is little or no observable market data, the Company will use estimation techniques consistent with the fair value guidance in ASC 820. We further accrete interest as a component of policyholder benefits using the original discount rate that is locked-in during the year of contract issuance. The original discount rates (or the locked-in discount rates) are used for interest accretion purposes and for the determination of net premiums, whereas the current discount rates are used for purposes of valuing the liability.
The liability for future policy benefits for annuity and interest sensitive life-type products is represented by policy account value. For limited-payment contracts, a deferred profit liability is also recorded, with changes recognized in income over the life of the contract in proportion to the amount of insurance in force.
Deferred Acquisition Costs—Certain costs of acquiring new insurance business are deferred and recorded as an asset. These costs are capitalized on a grouped contract basis and amortized over the expected term of the related contracts, and are essential for the acquisition of new insurance business. Deferred acquisition costs (DAC) are directly related to the successful issuance of an insurance contract, and primarily include sales commissions, policy issue costs, direct to consumer advertising costs, and underwriting costs. Additionally, DAC includes the value of business acquired (VOBA), which are the costs of acquiring blocks of insurance from other companies or through the acquisition of other companies. These costs represent the difference between the fair value of the contractual insurance assets acquired and liabilities assumed, compared against the assets and liabilities for insurance contracts that the Company issues or holds measured in accordance with GAAP.
DAC is amortized on a constant-level basis over the expected term of the grouped contracts, with the related expense included in amortization of deferred acquisition costs on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. The in-force metric used to compute the DAC amortization rate is annualized premium in force. The assumptions used to amortize acquisition costs include mortality, morbidity, and persistency. These assumptions are reviewed at least annually and revised in conjunction with any change in the future policy benefit assumptions. The effect of changes in the assumptions are recognized over the remaining expected contract term as a revision of future amortization amounts.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Dollar amounts in thousands, except per share data)
VOBA is amortized on a basis that is consistent with DAC, as described above, and is subject to periodic recoverability and loss recognition testing to determine if there is a premium deficiency. These tests evaluate whether the present value of future contract-related cash flows will support the capitalized VOBA asset. These cash flows consist primarily of premium income, less benefits and expenses. The present value of these cash flows, less the reserve liability, is then compared with the unamortized balance. In the event the estimated present value of net cash flows is less, the deficiency would be recognized by a charge to earnings and either a reduction of unamortized acquisition costs or an increase in the liability for future benefits.
Note 2—New Accounting Standards
Accounting Pronouncements Adopted in the Current Year: On January 1, 2023, the Company adopted ASU 2018-12 (also referred to as Long Duration Targeted Improvements or LDTI) on a modified retrospective basis as of the transition date (Transition Date) of January 1, 2021. The amended guidance is a significant change to the accounting and disclosure of long-duration life and health insurance contracts. The modified retrospective transition method requires the updated standard be applied to all long-duration life and health contracts, which has resulted in the adjustment of the 2021 and 2022 consolidated financial statements.
The following tables summarize the balance of and changes to the liability for future policy benefits for traditional life and health long-duration contracts on the Transition Date due to the adoption of ASU 2018-12:
Net Liability for Future Policy Benefits - Long Duration Life
American Income
DTC
Liberty National
Other
Total
Balance, net of reinsurance, at original discount rates as of December 31, 2020
$
3,541,317
$
2,492,226
$
2,140,071
$
2,736,804
$
10,910,418
Effect of changes in discount rate assumptions
3,334,600
2,195,430
1,229,610
2,297,835
9,057,475
Effect of capping and flooring(1)
—
16,899
2,433
2
19,334
Balance, net of reinsurance, at current discount rates as of January 1, 2021
$
6,875,917
$
4,704,555
$
3,372,114
$
5,034,641
$
19,987,227
Net liability for Future Policy Benefits - Long Duration Health
United American
Family Heritage
Liberty National
American Income
DTC
Total
Balance, net of reinsurance, at original discount rates as of December 31, 2020
$
131,505
$
1,383,128
$
501,312
$
101,998
$
(2,941)
$
2,115,002
Effect of changes in discount rate assumptions
75,652
497,250
219,992
60,366
346
853,606
Effect of capping and flooring(1)
6,506
—
19,324
—
4,193
30,023
Balance, net of reinsurance, at current discount rates as of January 1, 2021
$
213,663
$
1,880,378
$
740,628
$
162,364
$
1,598
$
2,998,631
(1)When the present value of expected future net premiums exceeds the present value of expected future gross premiums for a given cohort (capping), or the present value of future policy benefits and related termination expenses exceeds the present value of expected future net premiums (flooring), an adjustment is made to the liability for future policy benefits.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Dollar amounts in thousands, except per share data)
The following table presents total policy liabilities, both before and after the Transition Date:
January 1,
December 31,
2021
2020
Future policy benefits:
Net liability for future policy benefits—long duration life
$
19,987,227
$
10,910,418
Net liability for future policy benefits—long duration health
2,998,631
2,115,002
Additional insurance liabilities(1),(2)
2,008,399
2,218,116
Total future policy benefits
24,994,257
15,243,536
Unearned and advance premium(1)
243,369
61,728
Policy claims and other benefits payable(1)
473,524
399,507
Other policyholders' funds(1)
98,459
97,968
Total policy liabilities
$
25,809,609
$
15,802,739
(1)In addition to the discount rate related adjustments to future policy benefits, the Company reclassified certain balances within total policy liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheetsas a result of adopting ASU 2018-12. The reclassifications had an immaterial impact on Shareholders' Equity. See table summarizing the transition adjustments to Shareholders' Equity below.
(2)The Company's additional insurance liabilities consist primarily of: 1) deferred profit liability on limited-payment contracts; and 2) reserves on deferred annuity and interest sensitive life blocks of business. See Note 6—Policy Liabilities for additional information.
The following table presents the Company's deferred policy acquisition costs, both before and after the Transition Date:
January 1,
December 31,
2021
2020
Life:
American Income
$
1,647,761
$
1,647,761
Direct to Consumer
1,498,970
1,498,435
Liberty National
531,504
531,504
Other
304,786
304,459
Total life
3,983,021
3,982,159
Health:
United American
65,020
74,353
Family Heritage
364,751
364,751
Liberty National
124,754
124,888
American Income
39,477
39,477
Direct to Consumer
2,215
6,600
Total health
596,217
610,069
Annuity
8,309
3,216
Total DAC
$
4,587,547
$
4,595,444
In accordance with ASU 2018-12, the Company has adjusted its DAC balance to remove the impact of unrealized gains and losses that were previously recorded in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (AOCI) on the Consolidated Statements of Shareholders' Equity. Under prior guidance, the Company included these amounts within its calculation of amortization.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Dollar amounts in thousands, except per share data)
The following table presents the effect of transition adjustments due to the adoption of ASU 2018-12 on Shareholders' Equity:
Retained Earnings
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Other(1)
Total
Shareholders’ Equity, as of December 31, 2020
$
5,874,109
$
3,029,244
$
(132,261)
$
8,771,092
Effect of changes in discount rate assumptions
—
(7,829,753)
—
(7,829,753)
Effect of capping and flooring
(38,992)
—
—
(38,992)
Effect of removal of unrealized gain (loss) on DAC
—
4,704
—
4,704
Other adjustments
26,470
—
—
26,470
Shareholders’ Equity, as of January 1, 2021
$
5,861,587
$
(4,795,805)
$
(132,261)
$
933,521
(1)Other represents common stock, additional paid-in capital, and treasury stock, combining balances that were unaffected by the new standard.
As of the Transition Date, the primary effects of the changes required by the standard were to AOCI and retained earnings. As seen in the table above, the transition adjustments impacting AOCI consist of the effect of changes in discount rate assumptions and the effect of the removal of unrealized gains (losses) on DAC. The effect of changes in discount rate assumptions is the impact, net of tax, of the Company re-measuring its liability for future policy benefits using current discount rates. As of the Transition Date, we experienced a lower level of current discount rates than the original discount rates used in valuing our future policy benefits under the prior guidance, thus reducing Shareholders' Equity. For the effect of removing unrealized gains (losses) on DAC, this adjustment relates to the requirement to remove unrealized gains (losses) that were included within the amortization calculation, as noted previously.
Regarding the impact on retained earnings, when the present value of net premiums exceeds the present value of gross premiums for a given cohort (capping), or the present value of future benefits and related termination expenses exceeds the present value of future gross premiums (flooring), an adjustment is recognized to the liability for future policy benefits. Any blocks of business that require increases in future policy benefits to minimum levels, or that have a net premium ratio greater than 100%, required an adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings (decrease).
Accounting Pronouncements Yet to be Adopted:ASU No. 2022-03, Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Fair Value Measurement of Equity Securities Subject to Contractual Sale Restrictions, adds disclosure requirements specific to equity securities subject to contractual sale restrictions. The disclosures clarify the nature of the contractual sale as well as the duration of the restriction and the circumstances that could cause a lapse in the restriction.
This standard is effective for the Company on January 1, 2024, and will be implemented on a prospective basis. The Company does not expect the standard will have a material impact on the Consolidated Financial Statements.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Dollar amounts in thousands, except per share data)
Effect of New Accounting Standards on Previously Reported Results: The impacts from the adoption of ASU 2018-12 on the Company's previously reported results included in these financial statements are as follows:
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets
December 31, 2022
As Previously Reported
Adoption Impact
As Adjusted
Assets:
Other receivables
$
484,887
$
104,192
$
589,079
Deferred acquisition costs
5,249,907
285,790
5,535,697
Liabilities:
Future policy benefits
16,721,846
1,318,196
18,040,042
Unearned and advance premium
60,742
192,398
253,140
Policy claims and other benefits payable
430,027
77,192
507,219
Current and deferred income taxes
686,172
(251,523)
434,649
Shareholders' equity:
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)
(1,415,714)
(1,374,599)
(2,790,313)
Retained earnings
6,466,220
428,315
6,894,535
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations
Three Months Ended June 30, 2022
Six Months Ended June 30, 2022
As Previously Reported
Adoption Impact
As Adjusted
As Previously Reported
Adoption Impact
As Adjusted
Revenue:
Life premium
$
759,924
$
(3,032)
$
756,892
$
1,514,526
$
(8,506)
$
1,506,020
Health premium
319,189
1,118
320,307
636,189
(198)
635,991
Net investment income
243,642
1,070
244,712
487,476
2,130
489,606
Benefits and expenses:
Life policyholder benefits
511,034
(18,670)
492,364
1,060,377
(72,584)
987,793
Health policyholder benefits
197,218
(7,143)
190,075
394,073
(14,980)
379,093
Other policyholder benefits
7,074
1,918
8,992
14,124
4,570
18,694
Amortization of deferred acquisition costs
155,205
(69,020)
86,185
313,589
(142,908)
170,681
Commissions, premium taxes, and non-deferred acquisition costs
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Dollar amounts in thousands, except per share data)
Note 3—Supplemental Information about Changes to Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income
Components of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income: An analysis of the change in balance by component of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income is as follows for the three and six month periods ended June 30, 2023 and 2022:
Three Months Ended June 30, 2023
Available for Sale Assets
Future Policy Benefits
Foreign Exchange
Pension Adjustments
Total
Balance at April 1, 2023
$
(1,016,764)
$
(1,938,707)
$
(6,829)
$
1,207
$
(2,961,093)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications, net of tax
(271,681)
241,906
8,182
—
(21,593)
Reclassifications, net of tax
39,046
—
—
(257)
38,789
Other comprehensive income (loss)
(232,635)
241,906
8,182
(257)
17,196
Balance at June 30, 2023
$
(1,249,399)
$
(1,696,801)
$
1,353
$
950
$
(2,943,897)
Three Months Ended June 30, 2022
Available for Sale Assets
Future Policy Benefits
Foreign Exchange
Pension Adjustments
Total
Balance at April 1, 2022
$
950,921
$
(4,699,555)
$
22,589
$
(100,961)
$
(3,827,006)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications, net of tax
(1,611,891)
2,205,113
(14,544)
—
578,678
Reclassifications, net of tax
17,585
—
—
2,718
20,303
Other comprehensive income (loss)
(1,594,306)
2,205,113
(14,544)
2,718
598,981
Balance at June 30, 2022
$
(643,385)
$
(2,494,442)
$
8,045
$
(98,243)
$
(3,228,025)
Six Months Ended June 30, 2023
Available for Sale Assets
Future Policy Benefits
Foreign Exchange
Pension Adjustments
Total
Balance at January 1, 2023
$
(1,420,672)
$
(1,369,204)
$
(1,681)
$
1,244
$
(2,790,313)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications, net of tax
106,481
(327,597)
3,034
—
(218,082)
Reclassifications, net of tax
64,792
—
—
(294)
64,498
Other comprehensive income (loss)
171,273
(327,597)
3,034
(294)
(153,584)
Balance at June 30, 2023
$
(1,249,399)
$
(1,696,801)
$
1,353
$
950
$
(2,943,897)
Six Months Ended June 30, 2022
Available for Sale Assets
Future Policy Benefits
Foreign Exchange
Pension Adjustments
Total
Balance at January 1, 2022
$
2,765,290
$
(6,915,910)
$
19,248
$
(103,676)
$
(4,235,048)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications, net of tax
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Dollar amounts in thousands, except per share data)
Reclassification Adjustments: Reclassification adjustments out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income are presented below for the three and six month periods ended June 30, 2023 and 2022.
Three Months Ended June 30,
Six Months Ended June 30,
Affected line items in the Statements of Operations
Component Line Item
2023
2022
2023
2022
Unrealized investment (gains) losses on available for sale assets:
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Dollar amounts in thousands, except per share data)
Note 4—Investments
Portfolio Composition: Summaries of fixed maturities available for sale by amortized cost, fair value, and allowance for credit losses at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, and the corresponding amounts of gross unrealized gains and losses recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) are as follows. Redeemable preferred stock is included within "Corporates, by sector."
At June 30, 2023
Amortized Cost
Allowance for Credit Losses
Gross Unrealized Gains
Gross Unrealized Losses
Fair
Value(1)
% of Total
Fixed
Maturities(2)
Fixed maturities available for sale:
U.S. Government direct, guaranteed, and government-sponsored enterprises
$
392,453
$
—
$
37
$
(34,893)
$
357,597
2
States, municipalities, and political subdivisions
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Dollar amounts in thousands, except per share data)
At December 31, 2022
Amortized Cost
Allowance for Credit Losses
Gross Unrealized Gains
Gross Unrealized Losses
Fair
Value(1)
% of Total
Fixed
Maturities(2)
Fixed maturities available for sale:
U.S. Government direct, guaranteed, and government-sponsored enterprises
$
394,439
$
—
$
27
$
(38,968)
$
355,498
2
States, municipalities, and political subdivisions
2,791,030
—
24,328
(505,447)
2,309,911
14
Foreign governments
55,164
—
6
(12,706)
42,464
—
Corporates, by sector:
Financial
4,907,794
—
63,126
(504,489)
4,466,431
27
Utilities
1,924,190
—
36,670
(125,713)
1,835,147
11
Energy
1,436,598
—
22,637
(101,923)
1,357,312
8
Other corporate sectors
6,667,043
—
78,903
(738,772)
6,007,174
37
Total corporates
14,935,625
—
201,336
(1,470,897)
13,666,064
83
Collateralized debt obligations
37,098
—
13,266
—
50,364
—
Other asset-backed securities
88,336
—
4
(9,276)
79,064
1
Total fixed maturities
$
18,301,692
$
—
$
238,967
$
(2,037,294)
$
16,503,365
100
(1)Amount reported in the balance sheet.
(2)At fair value.
The Company has exposure to banks as part of its fixed maturity portfolio. The Company’s bank securities had a fair value of $1.2 billion (7% of the total fixed maturity portfolio) and $1.3 billion (8% of the total fixed maturity portfolio) at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. Additionally, the Company has exposure to real estate investment trusts which had a fair value of $405 million (2% of the total fixed maturity portfolio) and $428 million (3% of the total fixed maturity portfolio) at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.
A schedule of fixed maturities available for sale by contractual maturity date at June 30, 2023, is shown below on an amortized cost basis, net of allowance for credit losses, and on a fair value basis. Actual disposition dates could differ from contractual maturities due to call or prepayment provisions.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Dollar amounts in thousands, except per share data)
Analysis of Investment Operations:"Net investment income" for the three and six month periods ended June 30, 2023 and 2022 is summarized as follows:
Three Months Ended June 30,
Six Months Ended June 30,
2023
2022
% Change
2023
2022
% Change
Fixed maturities available for sale
$
234,187
$
226,753
3
$
466,486
$
452,037
3
Policy loans
12,234
11,580
6
23,989
23,008
4
Other long-term investments(1)
16,936
10,703
58
32,679
23,416
40
Short-term investments
1,820
122
3,415
124
265,177
249,158
6
526,569
498,585
6
Less investment expense
(3,933)
(4,446)
(12)
(8,220)
(8,979)
(8)
Net investment income
$
261,244
$
244,712
7
$
518,349
$
489,606
6
(1)For the three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, the investment funds, accounted for under the fair value option method, recorded $12.0 million and $8.6 million of distributions, respectively, in net investment income. For the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, the investment funds, accounted for under the fair value option method, recorded $23.3 million and $19.3 million of distributions, respectively, in net investment income. Refer to Other Long-Term Investmentsbelowfor further discussion on the investment funds.
Selected information about sales of fixed maturities available for sale is as follows:
Three Months Ended June 30,
Six Months Ended June 30,
2023
2022
2023
2022
Fixed maturities available for sale:
Proceeds from sales(1)
$
130,119
$
143,911
$
145,824
$
219,027
Gross realized gains
47
—
47
773
Gross realized losses
(10,503)
(41,168)
(10,861)
(44,847)
(1)There were no unsettled sales in the periods ended June 30, 2023 and 2022.
An analysis of "Realized gains (losses)" is as follows:
Three Months Ended June 30,
Six Months Ended June 30,
2023
2022
2023
2022
Realized investment gains (losses):
Fixed maturities available for sale:
Sales and other(1)
$
(10,606)
$
(22,421)
$
(10,963)
$
(17,872)
Provision for credit losses
(39,741)
—
(72,508)
387
Fair value option—change in fair value
5,228
947
7,086
(4,391)
Other investments
(724)
(8,972)
(385)
(15,814)
Realized gains (losses) from investments
(45,843)
(30,446)
(76,770)
(37,690)
Applicable tax
9,627
6,394
16,122
7,915
Realized gains (losses), net of tax
$
(36,216)
$
(24,052)
$
(60,648)
$
(29,775)
(1)During the three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, the Company recorded $17.9 million and $1.9 million of issuer-initiated exchanges of fixed maturities (noncash transactions) that resulted in no realized gains (losses) in either period. During the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, the Company recorded $17.9 million and $1.9 million of issuer-initiated exchanges of fixed maturities (noncash transactions) that resulted in no realized gains (losses) in either period.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Dollar amounts in thousands, except per share data)
Fair Value Measurements:The following tables represent the fair value of fixed maturities measured on a recurring basis at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022:
Fair Value Measurement at June 30, 2023 Using:
Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)
Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)
Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Total Fair Value
Fixed maturities available for sale
U.S. Government direct, guaranteed, and government-sponsored enterprises
$
—
$
357,597
$
—
$
357,597
States, municipalities, and political subdivisions
—
2,656,896
—
2,656,896
Foreign governments
—
31,983
—
31,983
Corporates, by sector:
Financial
—
4,313,536
131,818
4,445,354
Utilities
—
1,806,364
109,236
1,915,600
Energy
—
1,355,556
10,548
1,366,104
Other corporate sectors
—
5,926,843
209,902
6,136,745
Total corporates
—
13,402,299
461,504
13,863,803
Collateralized debt obligations
—
—
42,305
42,305
Other asset-backed securities
—
80,866
—
80,866
Total fixed maturities
$
—
$
16,529,641
$
503,809
$
17,033,450
Percentage of total
—
%
97
%
3
%
100
%
Fair Value Measurement at December 31, 2022 Using:
Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)
Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)
Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Total Fair Value
Fixed maturities available for sale
U.S. Government direct, guaranteed, and government-sponsored enterprises
$
—
$
355,498
$
—
$
355,498
States, municipalities, and political subdivisions
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Dollar amounts in thousands, except per share data)
The following tables represent changes in fixed maturities measured at fair value on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3):
Analysis of Changes in Fair Value Measurements Using Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Asset-
backed Securities
Collateralized Debt Obligations
Corporates
Total
Balance at January 1, 2023
$
—
$
50,364
$
478,083
$
528,447
Included in realized gains / losses
—
—
—
—
Included in other comprehensive income
—
(8,042)
(1,963)
(10,005)
Acquisitions
—
—
—
—
Sales
—
—
—
—
Amortization
—
2,288
3
2,291
Other(1)
—
(2,305)
(14,619)
(16,924)
Transfers into Level 3(2)
—
—
—
—
Transfers out of Level 3(2)
—
—
—
—
Balance at June 30, 2023
$
—
$
42,305
$
461,504
$
503,809
Percent of total fixed maturities
—
%
—
%
3
%
3
%
(1)Includes capitalized interest, foreign exchange adjustments, and principal repayments.
(2)Considered to be transferred at the end of the period. Transfers into Level 3 occur when observable inputs are no longer available. Transfers out of Level 3 occur when observable inputs become available.
Analysis of Changes in Fair Value Measurements Using Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Asset-
backed Securities
Collateralized Debt Obligations
Corporates
Total
Balance at January 1, 2022
$
—
$
63,505
$
641,688
$
705,193
Included in realized gains / losses
—
—
—
—
Included in other comprehensive income
—
(11,098)
(89,359)
(100,457)
Acquisitions
—
—
—
—
Sales
—
—
—
—
Amortization
—
2,248
3
2,251
Other(1)
—
(1,954)
(22,357)
(24,311)
Transfers into Level 3(2)
—
—
—
—
Transfers out of Level 3(2)
—
—
—
—
Balance at June 30, 2022
$
—
$
52,701
$
529,975
$
582,676
Percent of total fixed maturities
—
%
—
%
3
%
3
%
(1)Includes capitalized interest, foreign exchange adjustments, and principal repayments.
(2)Considered to be transferred at the end of the period. Transfers into Level 3 occur when observable inputs are no longer available. Transfers out of Level 3 occur when observable inputs become available.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Dollar amounts in thousands, except per share data)
The following table presents changes in unrealized gains and losses for the period included in accumulated other comprehensive income for assets held at the end of the reporting period for Level 3s:
Changes in Unrealized Gains (Losses) included in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income for Assets Held at the End of the Period
Asset- backed Securities
Collateralized Debt Obligations
Corporates
Total
At June 30, 2023
$
—
$
(8,042)
$
(1,963)
$
(10,005)
At June 30, 2022
—
(11,098)
(89,359)
(100,457)
Unrealized Loss Analysis: The following table discloses information about fixed maturities available for sale in an unrealized loss position.
Less than Twelve Months
Twelve Months or Longer
Total
Number of issues (CUSIPs) held:
As of June 30, 2023
682
1,355
2,037
As of December 31, 2022
1,819
157
1,976
Globe Life's entire fixed maturity portfolio consisted of 2,418 issues by 986 different issuers at June 30, 2023 and 2,328 issues by 979 different issuers at December 31, 2022. The weighted-average quality rating of all unrealized loss positions at amortized cost was A- as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Dollar amounts in thousands, except per share data)
The following tables disclose unrealized investment losses by class and major sector of fixed maturities available for sale at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022.
Analysis of Gross Unrealized Investment Losses
At June 30, 2023
Less than Twelve Months
Twelve Months or Longer
Total
Fair Value
Unrealized Loss
Fair Value
Unrealized Loss
Fair Value
Unrealized Loss
Fixed maturities available for sale:
Investment grade securities:
U.S. Government direct, guaranteed, and government-sponsored enterprises
$
264,407
$
(22,621)
$
91,011
$
(12,272)
$
355,418
$
(34,893)
States, municipalities, and political subdivisions
687,842
(26,208)
1,272,595
(425,114)
1,960,437
(451,322)
Foreign governments
6,983
(183)
25,000
(11,298)
31,983
(11,481)
Corporates, by sector:
Financial
1,245,647
(86,522)
1,711,745
(367,044)
2,957,392
(453,566)
Utilities
439,647
(20,185)
516,783
(92,019)
956,430
(112,204)
Energy
358,866
(13,942)
386,676
(69,247)
745,542
(83,189)
Other corporate sectors
1,180,706
(64,024)
3,065,617
(558,042)
4,246,323
(622,066)
Total corporates
3,224,866
(184,673)
5,680,821
(1,086,352)
8,905,687
(1,271,025)
Collateralized debt obligations
—
—
—
—
—
—
Other asset-backed securities
21,676
(884)
47,627
(4,968)
69,303
(5,852)
Total investment grade securities
4,205,774
(234,569)
7,117,054
(1,540,004)
11,322,828
(1,774,573)
Below investment grade securities:
States, municipalities, and political subdivisions
—
—
—
—
—
—
Corporates, by sector:
Financial
53,329
(3,470)
106,673
(36,169)
160,002
(39,639)
Utilities
—
—
28,035
(2,072)
28,035
(2,072)
Energy
—
—
34,278
(10,410)
34,278
(10,410)
Other corporate sectors
35,356
(189)
75,943
(14,021)
111,299
(14,210)
Total corporates
88,685
(3,659)
244,929
(62,672)
333,614
(66,331)
Collateralized debt obligations
—
—
—
—
—
—
Other asset-backed securities
—
—
11,499
(631)
11,499
(631)
Total below investment grade securities
88,685
(3,659)
256,428
(63,303)
345,113
(66,962)
Total fixed maturities
$
4,294,459
$
(238,228)
$
7,373,482
$
(1,603,307)
$
11,667,941
$
(1,841,535)
Gross unrealized losses may fluctuate quarter over quarter due to adverse factors in the market that affect our holdings, such as changes in interest rates or credit spreads. The Company considers many factors when determining whether an allowance for a credit loss should be recorded. While the Company holds securities that may be in an unrealized loss position from time to time, Globe Life does not generally intend to sell and it is unlikely that management will be required to sell the fixed maturities prior to their anticipated recovery or maturity due to the strong cash flows generated by its insurance operations.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Dollar amounts in thousands, except per share data)
Fixed Maturities, Allowance for Credit Losses: A summary of the activity in the allowance for credit losses is as follows.
Three Months Ended June 30,
Six Months Ended June 30,
2023
2022
2023
2022
Allowance for credit losses beginning balance
$
32,767
$
—
$
—
$
387
Additions to allowance for which credit losses were not previously recorded
38,228
—
72,508
—
Additions (reductions) to allowance for fixed maturities that previously had an allowance
1,513
—
—
—
Reduction of allowance for which the Company intends to sell or more likely than not will be required to sell or sold during the period
—
—
—
(387)
Allowance for credit losses ending balance
$
72,508
$
—
$
72,508
$
—
As of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company had two fixed maturities in non-accrual status. During the six months ended June 30, 2023, it was announced Signature Bank New York and First Republic Bank had entered receivership. As a result, we reviewed available information to evaluate whether an allowance for expected credit losses should be established related to our holdings of Signature Bank New York and First Republic Bank, and determined an allowance was necessary.
Other Long-Term Investments: Other long-term investments consist of the following assets:
June 30, 2023
December 31, 2022
Investment funds
$
759,157
$
768,689
Commercial mortgage loan participations
221,466
181,305
Other
29,513
26,022
Total
$
1,010,136
$
976,016
The following table presents additional information about the Company's investment funds as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 at fair value:
Fair Value
Unfunded Commitments
Investment Category
June 30, 2023
December 31, 2022
June 30, 2023
Redemption Term/Notice
Commercial mortgage loans
$
404,782
$
431,405
$
583,694
Fully redeemable and non-redeemable with varying terms.
Opportunistic credit
161,054
158,524
—
Initial 2 year lock on each new investment/semi-annual withdrawals thereafter/full redemption within 36 month period.
Infrastructure
161,071
159,534
21,648
Fully redeemable and non-redeemable with varying terms.
Other
32,250
19,226
120,048
Total investment funds
$
759,157
$
768,689
$
725,390
The Company had $33 million of capital called during the year from existing investment funds. Our unfunded commitments were $725 million as of June 30, 2023.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Dollar amounts in thousands, except per share data)
Commercial Mortgage Loan Participations (commercial mortgage loans):Summaries of commercial mortgage loans by property type and geographical location at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 are as follows:
June 30, 2023
December 31, 2022
Carrying Value
% of Total
Carrying Value
% of Total
Property type:
Mixed use
$
42,406
19
$
62,375
34
Hospitality
25,074
11
27,796
15
Retail
23,818
11
15,342
9
Industrial
27,266
12
27,248
15
Multi-family
94,693
43
42,232
23
Office
11,137
5
8,101
5
Total recorded investment
224,394
101
183,094
101
Less allowance for credit losses
(2,928)
(1)
(1,789)
(1)
Carrying value, net of allowance for credit losses
$
221,466
100
$
181,305
100
June 30, 2023
December 31, 2022
Carrying Value
% of Total
Carrying Value
% of Total
Geographic location:
California
$
67,189
30
$
64,477
36
Texas
43,051
19
22,905
13
New York
25,116
11
19,167
11
Washington
14,954
7
14,925
8
Massachusetts
14,941
7
—
—
Florida
33,324
15
33,182
18
Other
25,819
12
28,438
15
Total recorded investment
224,394
101
183,094
101
Less allowance for credit losses
(2,928)
(1)
(1,789)
(1)
Carrying value, net of allowance for credit losses
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Dollar amounts in thousands, except per share data)
The following tables are reflective of the key factors, debt service coverage ratios, and loan-to-value (LTV) ratios that are utilized by management to monitor the performance of the portfolios. The Company only makes new investments in commercial mortgage loans that have a LTV ratio less than 80%. Generally, a higher LTV ratio and a lower debt service coverage ratio can potentially equate to higher risk of loss.
June 30, 2023
Recorded Investment
Debt Service Coverage Ratios(1)
<1.00x
1.00x—1.20x
>1.20x
Total
% of Total
Loan-to-value ratio(2):
Less than 70%
$
9,296
$
173,246
$
20,444
$
202,986
90
70% to 80%
—
4,846
1,153
5,999
3
81% to 90%
8,374
—
—
8,374
4
Greater than 90%
7,035
—
—
7,035
3
Total
$
24,705
$
178,092
$
21,597
224,394
100
Less allowance for credit losses
(2,928)
Total, net of allowance for credit losses
$
221,466
(1)Annual net operating income divided by annual mortgage debt service (principal and interest).
(2)Loan balance divided by appraised value, including planned renovations and stabilized occupancy, at origination. Updated internal valuations are used when a loan is materially underperforming.
December 31, 2022
Recorded Investment
Debt Service Coverage Ratios(1)
<1.00x
1.00x—1.20x
>1.20x
Total
% of Total
Loan-to-value ratio(2):
Less than 70%
$
24,221
$
108,156
$
12,018
$
144,395
79
70% to 80%
—
22,120
1,238
23,358
13
81% to 90%
8,307
—
—
8,307
4
Greater than 90%
7,034
—
—
7,034
4
Total
$
39,562
$
130,276
$
13,256
183,094
100
Less allowance for credit losses
(1,789)
Total, net of allowance for credit losses
$
181,305
(1)Annual net operating income divided by annual mortgage debt service (principal and interest).
(2)Loan balance divided by appraised value, including planned renovations and stabilized occupancy, at origination. Updated internal valuations are used when a loan is materially underperforming.
As of June 30, 2023, the Company evaluated the commercial mortgage loan portfolio on a pool basis to determine the allowance for credit losses. At the end of the period, the Company had 25 loans in the portfolio. For the six months ended June 30, 2023, the allowance for credit losses increased $1.1 million. Additionally, there was one foreclosure that resulted in a $2.9 million after tax realized loss during the period. The provision for credit losses is included in "Realized gains (losses)" in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Dollar amounts in thousands, except per share data)
There were no delinquent commercial mortgage loans as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022. As of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company had no commercial mortgage loan in non-accrual status. The Company's unfunded commitment balance to commercial loan borrowers was $23 million as of June 30, 2023.
Note 5—Commitments and Contingencies
Guarantees: The Parent Company has guaranteed letters of credit in connection with its credit facility with a group of banks. The letters of credit were issued by TMK Re, Ltd., a wholly-owned subsidiary, to secure TMK Re, Ltd.’s obligation for claims on certain policies reinsured by TMK Re, Ltd. that were sold by other Globe Life insurance subsidiaries. These letters of credit facilitate TMK Re, Ltd.’s ability to reinsure the business of Globe Life's insurance carriers. The agreement was amended on September 30, 2021 and now expires in 2026. The maximum amount of letters of credit available is $250 million. The Parent Company would be liable to the extent that TMK Re, Ltd. does not pay the reinsured party. The amount outstanding at June 30, 2023 was $115 million.
Litigation: Globe Life Inc. and its subsidiaries, in common with the insurance industry in general, are subject to litigation, including putative class action litigation, alleged breaches of contract, torts, including bad faith and fraud claims based on alleged wrongful or fraudulent acts of agents of the Parent Company's insurance subsidiaries, employment discrimination, and miscellaneous other causes of action. Based upon information presently available, and in light of legal and other factual defenses available to the Parent Company and its subsidiaries, management does not believe that it is reasonably possible that such litigation will have a material adverse effect on Globe Life's financial condition, future operating results or liquidity; however, assessing the eventual outcome of litigation necessarily involves forward-looking speculation as to judgments to be made by judges, juries and appellate courts in the future. This bespeaks caution, particularly in states with reputations for high punitive damage verdicts. Globe Life's management recognizes that large punitive damage awards bearing little or no relation to actual damages continue to be awarded by juries in jurisdictions in which the Company has substantial business, creating the potential for unpredictable material adverse judgments in any given punitive damage suit.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Dollar amounts in thousands, except per share data)
Note 6—Policy Liabilities
The liability for future policy benefits is determined based on the net level premium method, which requires the liability be calculated as the present value of estimated future policyholder benefits and the related termination expenses, less the present value of estimated future net premiums to be collected from policyholders.
The following tables summarize balances and changes in the net liability for future policy benefits, before reinsurance, for traditional life long-duration contracts for the three and six month periods ended June 30, 2023 and 2022:
Life
Present value of expected future net premiums
American Income
DTC
Liberty National
Other
Total
Balance at January 1, 2022
$
4,925,192
$
7,264,905
$
1,332,469
$
559,972
$
14,082,538
Beginning balance at original discount rates
3,906,098
5,533,741
1,040,242
416,141
10,896,222
Effect of changes in assumptions of future cash flows
—
—
—
—
—
Effect of actual variances from expected experience
(17,340)
(91,461)
(9,125)
(3,497)
(121,423)
Adjusted balance at January 1, 2022
3,888,758
5,442,280
1,031,117
412,644
10,774,799
Issuances(1)
420,277
338,996
48,806
15,597
823,676
Interest accrual(2)
86,841
135,858
25,585
10,304
258,588
Net premiums collected(3)
(242,510)
(300,778)
(63,353)
(21,627)
(628,268)
Effect of changes in the foreign exchange rate
(7,272)
—
—
—
(7,272)
Ending balance at original discount rates
4,146,094
5,616,356
1,042,155
416,918
11,221,523
Effect of change from original to current discount rates
233,402
548,590
80,917
45,046
907,955
Balance at June 30, 2022
$
4,379,496
$
6,164,946
$
1,123,072
$
461,964
$
12,129,478
Balance at January 1, 2023
$
4,273,156
$
5,910,224
$
1,094,407
$
470,741
$
11,748,528
Beginning balance at original discount rates
4,246,723
5,680,864
1,066,123
449,209
11,442,919
Effect of changes in assumptions of future cash flows
—
—
—
—
—
Effect of actual variances from expected experience
(69,352)
(128,602)
(15,593)
(6,650)
(220,197)
Adjusted balance at January 1, 2023
4,177,371
5,552,262
1,050,530
442,559
11,222,722
Issuances(1)
376,021
313,748
60,848
14,611
765,228
Interest accrual(2)
96,850
142,473
26,655
11,331
277,309
Net premiums collected(3)
(256,959)
(308,129)
(66,472)
(23,026)
(654,586)
Effect of changes in the foreign exchange rate
5,770
—
—
—
5,770
Ending balance at original discount rates
4,399,053
5,700,354
1,071,561
445,475
11,616,443
Effect of change from original to current discount rates
73,794
288,223
38,456
25,804
426,277
Balance at June 30, 2023
$
4,472,847
$
5,988,577
$
1,110,017
$
471,279
$
12,042,720
(1)Issuances represent the present value, using the original discount rate, of the expected net premiums related to new policies issued during each respective period.
(2)The interest accrual is the interest earned on the beginning present value of the expected net premiums, as well as the interest on actual net premiums earned during the period, using the original interest rate.
(3)Net premiums collected represent the product of the current period net premium ratio, and the gross premiums collected during the period on the in-force business.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Dollar amounts in thousands, except per share data)
Life
Present value of expected future net premiums
American Income
DTC
Liberty National
Other
Total
Balance at April 1, 2022
$
4,646,747
$
6,710,655
$
1,224,988
$
511,832
$
13,094,222
Beginning balance at original discount rates
4,043,480
5,595,772
1,043,765
419,434
11,102,451
Effect of changes in assumptions of future cash flows
—
—
—
—
—
Effect of actual variances from expected experience
(13,025)
(61,865)
(8,500)
(5,149)
(88,539)
Adjusted balance at April 1, 2022
4,030,455
5,533,907
1,035,265
414,285
11,013,912
Issuances(1)
204,351
165,221
25,841
8,297
403,710
Interest accrual(2)
43,767
68,250
12,775
5,132
129,924
Net premiums collected(3)
(122,307)
(151,022)
(31,726)
(10,796)
(315,851)
Effect of changes in the foreign exchange rate
(10,172)
—
—
—
(10,172)
Ending balance at original discount rates
4,146,094
5,616,356
1,042,155
416,918
11,221,523
Effect of change from original to current discount rates
233,402
548,590
80,917
45,046
907,955
Balance at June 30, 2022
$
4,379,496
$
6,164,946
$
1,123,072
$
461,964
$
12,129,478
Balance at April 1, 2023
$
4,467,637
$
6,110,550
$
1,128,083
$
483,056
$
12,189,326
Beginning balance at original discount rates
4,325,957
5,718,900
1,070,775
448,677
11,564,309
Effect of changes in assumptions of future cash flows
—
—
—
—
—
Effect of actual variances from expected experience
(39,371)
(80,616)
(10,004)
(4,764)
(134,755)
Adjusted balance at April 1, 2023
4,286,586
5,638,284
1,060,771
443,913
11,429,554
Issuances(1)
183,466
144,796
30,706
7,370
366,338
Interest accrual(2)
48,952
71,484
13,368
5,661
139,465
Net premiums collected(3)
(129,720)
(154,210)
(33,284)
(11,469)
(328,683)
Effect of changes in the foreign exchange rate
9,769
—
—
—
9,769
Ending balance at original discount rates
4,399,053
5,700,354
1,071,561
445,475
11,616,443
Effect of change from original to current discount rates
73,794
288,223
38,456
25,804
426,277
Balance at June 30, 2023
$
4,472,847
$
5,988,577
$
1,110,017
$
471,279
$
12,042,720
(1)Issuances represent the present value, using the original discount rate, of the expected net premiums related to new policies issued during each respective period.
(2)The interest accrual is the interest earned on the beginning present value of the expected net premiums, as well as the interest on actual net premiums earned during the period, using the original interest rate.
(3)Net premiums collected represent the product of the current period net premium ratio, and the gross premiums collected during the period on the in-force business.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Dollar amounts in thousands, except per share data)
Life
Present value of expected future policy benefits
American Income
DTC
Liberty National
Other
Total
Balance at January 1, 2022
$
11,773,519
$
11,859,408
$
4,542,697
$
5,488,684
$
33,664,308
Beginning balance at original discount rates
7,744,201
8,157,259
3,206,164
3,267,306
22,374,930
Effect of changes in assumptions of future cash flows
—
—
—
—
—
Effect of actual variances from expected experience
(17,082)
(87,036)
(9,466)
(4,473)
(118,057)
Adjusted balance at January 1, 2022
7,727,119
8,070,223
3,196,698
3,262,833
22,256,873
Issuances(1)
420,277
338,995
48,806
15,597
823,675
Interest accrual(2)
202,147
214,751
84,422
96,844
598,164
Benefit payments(3)
(198,179)
(329,201)
(114,615)
(63,170)
(705,165)
Effect of changes in the foreign exchange rate
(16,658)
—
—
—
(16,658)
Ending balance at original discount rates
8,134,706
8,294,768
3,215,311
3,312,104
22,956,889
Effect of change from original to current discount rates
1,377,565
1,369,441
407,331
908,726
4,063,063
Balance at June 30, 2022
$
9,512,271
$
9,664,209
$
3,622,642
$
4,220,830
$
27,019,952
Balance at January 1, 2023
$
9,119,104
$
9,225,451
$
3,429,256
$
3,976,150
$
25,749,961
Beginning balance at original discount rates
8,409,761
8,477,892
3,272,980
3,403,704
23,564,337
Effect of changes in assumptions of future cash flows
—
—
—
—
—
Effect of actual variances from expected experience
(72,388)
(130,006)
(13,119)
(8,367)
(223,880)
Adjusted balance at January 1, 2023
8,337,373
8,347,886
3,259,861
3,395,337
23,340,457
Issuances(1)
376,021
313,749
60,848
14,611
765,229
Interest accrual(2)
220,666
226,661
86,722
101,129
635,178
Benefit payments(3)
(194,971)
(295,399)
(109,650)
(62,586)
(662,606)
Effect of changes in the foreign exchange rate
14,437
—
—
—
14,437
Ending balance at original discount rates
8,753,526
8,592,897
3,297,781
3,448,491
24,092,695
Effect of change from original to current discount rates
914,681
894,336
210,064
661,215
2,680,296
Balance at June 30, 2023
$
9,668,207
$
9,487,233
$
3,507,845
$
4,109,706
$
26,772,991
(1)Issuances represent the present value, using the original discount rate, of the expected future policy benefits related to new policies issued during each respective period.
(2)The interest accrual is the interest earned on the beginning present value of the expected future policy benefits, as well as the interest on actual benefits and expenses paid during the period, using the original interest rate.
(3)Benefit payments represent the release of the present value, using the original discount rate, of the actual future policy benefits incurred during the period due to death, lapse, and maturity benefit payments based on the revised expected assumptions.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Dollar amounts in thousands, except per share data)
Life
Present value of expected future policy benefits
American Income
DTC
Liberty National
Other
Total
Balance at April 1, 2022
$
10,652,256
$
10,750,349
$
4,066,234
$
4,848,375
$
30,317,214
Beginning balance at original discount rates
7,959,694
8,238,501
3,208,055
3,290,269
22,696,519
Effect of changes in assumptions of future cash flows
—
—
—
—
—
Effect of actual variances from expected experience
(14,123)
(61,186)
(9,619)
(6,153)
(91,081)
Adjusted balance at April 1, 2022
7,945,571
8,177,315
3,198,436
3,284,116
22,605,438
Issuances(1)
204,351
165,220
25,841
8,297
403,709
Interest accrual(2)
101,811
107,823
42,192
48,564
300,390
Benefit payments(3)
(93,858)
(155,590)
(51,158)
(28,873)
(329,479)
Effect of changes in the foreign exchange rate
(23,169)
—
—
—
(23,169)
Ending balance at original discount rates
8,134,706
8,294,768
3,215,311
3,312,104
22,956,889
Effect of change from original to current discount rates
1,377,565
1,369,441
407,331
908,726
4,063,063
Balance at June 30, 2022
$
9,512,271
$
9,664,209
$
3,622,642
$
4,220,830
$
27,019,952
Balance at April 1, 2023
$
9,637,463
$
9,624,680
$
3,559,012
$
4,166,527
$
26,987,682
Beginning balance at original discount rates
8,573,734
8,563,604
3,284,594
3,427,535
23,849,467
Effect of changes in assumptions of future cash flows
—
—
—
—
—
Effect of actual variances from expected experience
(40,862)
(81,059)
(6,065)
(5,471)
(133,457)
Adjusted balance at April 1, 2023
8,532,872
8,482,545
3,278,529
3,422,064
23,716,010
Issuances(1)
183,466
144,797
30,706
7,370
366,339
Interest accrual(2)
111,337
113,893
43,466
50,751
319,447
Benefit payments(3)
(98,297)
(148,338)
(54,920)
(31,694)
(333,249)
Effect of changes in the foreign exchange rate
24,148
—
—
—
24,148
Ending balance at original discount rates
8,753,526
8,592,897
3,297,781
3,448,491
24,092,695
Effect of change from original to current discount rates
914,681
894,336
210,064
661,215
2,680,296
Balance at June 30, 2023
$
9,668,207
$
9,487,233
$
3,507,845
$
4,109,706
$
26,772,991
(1)Issuances represent the present value, using the original discount rate, of the expected future policy benefits related to new policies issued during each respective period.
(2)The interest accrual is the interest earned on the beginning present value of the expected future policy benefits, as well as the interest on actual benefits and expenses paid during the period, using the original interest rate.
(3)Benefit payments represent the release of the present value, using the original discount rate, of the actual future policy benefits incurred during the period due to death, lapse, and maturity benefit payments based on the revised expected assumptions.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Dollar amounts in thousands, except per share data)
The following tables summarize balances and changes in the net liability for future policy benefits for long-duration health contracts for the three and six month periods ended June 30, 2023 and 2022:
Health
Present value of expected future net premiums
United American
Family Heritage
Liberty National
American Income
DTC
Total
Balance at January 1, 2022
$
3,611,659
$
1,944,714
$
517,368
$
222,553
$
121,724
$
6,418,018
Beginning balance at original discount rates
2,949,851
1,688,590
414,409
178,801
96,776
5,328,427
Effect of changes in assumptions of future cash flows
—
—
—
—
—
—
Effect of actual variances from expected experience
(35,736)
(35,913)
(24,189)
(5,260)
(1,543)
(102,641)
Adjusted balance at January 1, 2022
2,914,115
1,652,677
390,220
173,541
95,233
5,225,786
Issuances(1)
175,070
109,933
22,613
20,424
2,323
330,363
Interest accrual(2)
61,205
30,014
9,593
3,680
2,353
106,845
Net premiums collected(3)
(127,736)
(85,830)
(25,685)
(10,540)
(5,157)
(254,948)
Effect of changes in the foreign exchange rate
—
—
—
(807)
—
(807)
Ending balance at original discount rates
3,022,654
1,706,794
396,741
186,298
94,752
5,407,239
Effect of change from original to current discount rates
116,052
(56,287)
28,536
7,238
7,681
103,220
Balance at June 30, 2022
$
3,138,706
$
1,650,507
$
425,277
$
193,536
$
102,433
$
5,510,459
Balance at January 1, 2023
$
2,908,501
$
1,594,992
$
423,490
$
190,296
$
90,143
$
5,207,422
Beginning balance at original discount rates
2,941,261
1,729,219
415,442
192,631
87,751
5,366,304
Effect of changes in assumptions of future cash flows
—
—
—
—
—
—
Effect of actual variances from expected experience
(28,923)
(34,394)
(27,833)
(5,249)
(1,895)
(98,294)
Adjusted balance at January 1, 2023
2,912,338
1,694,825
387,609
187,382
85,856
5,268,010
Issuances(1)
143,716
132,346
28,191
20,787
4,215
329,255
Interest accrual(2)
63,854
32,819
9,666
4,134
2,118
112,591
Net premiums collected(3)
(134,248)
(88,784)
(25,286)
(10,981)
(5,349)
(264,648)
Effect of changes in the foreign exchange rate
—
—
—
387
—
387
Ending balance at original discount rates
2,985,660
1,771,206
400,180
201,709
86,840
5,445,595
Effect of change from original to current discount rates
(1,106)
(110,186)
9,371
135
2,834
(98,952)
Balance at June 30, 2023
$
2,984,554
$
1,661,020
$
409,551
$
201,844
$
89,674
$
5,346,643
(1)Issuances represent the present value, using the original discount rate, of the expected net premiums related to new policies issued during each respective period.
(2)The interest accrual is the interest earned on the beginning present value of the expected net premiums, as well as the interest on actual net premiums earned during the period, using the original interest rate.
(3)Net premiums collected represent the product of the current period net premium ratio, and the gross premiums collected during the period on the in-force business.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Dollar amounts in thousands, except per share data)
Health
Present value of expected future net premiums
United American
Family Heritage
Liberty National
American Income
DTC
Total
Balance at April 1, 2022
$
3,337,152
$
1,790,237
$
463,452
$
208,064
$
109,734
$
5,908,639
Beginning balance at original discount rates
2,957,769
1,699,135
401,751
183,679
94,408
5,336,742
Effect of changes in assumptions of future cash flows
—
—
—
—
—
—
Effect of actual variances from expected experience
13,826
(20,751)
(8,728)
(2,795)
336
(18,112)
Adjusted balance at April 1, 2022
2,971,595
1,678,384
393,023
180,884
94,744
5,318,630
Issuances(1)
85,036
56,415
11,798
9,972
1,443
164,664
Interest accrual(2)
30,866
15,074
4,721
1,849
1,171
53,681
Net premiums collected(3)
(64,843)
(43,079)
(12,801)
(5,288)
(2,606)
(128,617)
Effect of changes in the foreign exchange rate
—
—
—
(1,119)
—
(1,119)
Ending balance at original discount rates
3,022,654
1,706,794
396,741
186,298
94,752
5,407,239
Effect of change from original to current discount rates
116,052
(56,287)
28,536
7,238
7,681
103,220
Balance at June 30, 2022
$
3,138,706
$
1,650,507
$
425,277
$
193,536
$
102,433
$
5,510,459
Balance at April 1, 2023
$
2,997,723
$
1,664,414
$
421,447
$
200,666
$
90,243
$
5,374,493
Beginning balance at original discount rates
2,948,641
1,750,468
404,647
197,446
85,966
5,387,168
Effect of changes in assumptions of future cash flows
—
—
—
—
—
—
Effect of actual variances from expected experience
5,210
(15,636)
(11,249)
(3,629)
679
(24,625)
Adjusted balance at April 1, 2023
2,953,851
1,734,832
393,398
193,817
86,645
5,362,543
Issuances(1)
67,875
64,559
14,888
10,575
1,823
159,720
Interest accrual(2)
32,267
16,620
4,776
2,098
1,061
56,822
Net premiums collected(3)
(68,333)
(44,805)
(12,882)
(5,556)
(2,689)
(134,265)
Effect of changes in the foreign exchange rate
—
—
—
775
—
775
Ending balance at original discount rates
2,985,660
1,771,206
400,180
201,709
86,840
5,445,595
Effect of change from original to current discount rates
(1,106)
(110,186)
9,371
135
2,834
(98,952)
Balance at June 30, 2023
$
2,984,554
$
1,661,020
$
409,551
$
201,844
$
89,674
$
5,346,643
(1)Issuances represent the present value, using the original discount rate, of the expected net premiums related to new policies issued during each respective period.
(2)The interest accrual is the interest earned on the beginning present value of the expected net premiums, as well as the interest on actual net premiums earned during the period, using the original interest rate.
(3)Net premiums collected represent the product of the current period net premium ratio, and the gross premiums collected during the period on the in-force business.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Dollar amounts in thousands, except per share data)
Health
Present value of expected future policy benefits
United American
Family Heritage
Liberty National
American Income
DTC
Total
Balance at January 1, 2022
$
3,810,559
$
3,840,322
$
1,201,317
$
380,915
$
119,888
$
9,353,001
Beginning balance at original discount rates
3,090,901
3,193,342
921,608
285,604
95,628
7,587,083
Effect of changes in assumptions of future cash flows
—
—
—
—
—
—
Effect of actual variances from expected experience
(38,057)
(37,106)
(23,919)
(5,684)
(1,615)
(106,381)
Adjusted balance at January 1, 2022
3,052,844
3,156,236
897,689
279,920
94,013
7,480,702
Issuances(1)
174,828
109,933
22,792
20,424
2,310
330,287
Interest accrual(2)
65,107
59,584
24,035
6,886
2,352
157,964
Benefit payments(3)
(132,751)
(58,509)
(48,379)
(10,192)
(6,532)
(256,363)
Effect of changes in the foreign exchange rate
—
—
—
(1,467)
—
(1,467)
Ending balance at original discount rates
3,160,028
3,267,244
896,137
295,571
92,143
7,711,123
Effect of change from original to current discount rates
125,668
(137,367)
89,077
26,397
7,341
111,116
Balance at June 30, 2022
$
3,285,696
$
3,129,877
$
985,214
$
321,968
$
99,484
$
7,822,239
Balance at January 1, 2023
$
3,046,829
$
3,005,664
$
941,574
$
312,750
$
87,532
$
7,394,349
Beginning balance at original discount rates
3,080,633
3,336,344
904,865
303,713
85,212
7,710,767
Effect of changes in assumptions of future cash flows
—
—
—
—
—
—
Effect of actual variances from expected experience
(27,940)
(36,292)
(27,018)
(6,018)
(1,830)
(99,098)
Adjusted balance at January 1, 2023
3,052,693
3,300,052
877,847
297,695
83,382
7,611,669
Issuances(1)
143,404
132,346
27,901
20,787
4,208
328,646
Interest accrual(2)
67,592
65,320
23,526
7,389
2,118
165,945
Benefit payments(3)
(146,921)
(61,551)
(48,395)
(11,660)
(6,520)
(275,047)
Effect of changes in the foreign exchange rate
—
—
—
876
—
876
Ending balance at original discount rates
3,116,768
3,436,167
880,879
315,087
83,188
7,832,089
Effect of change from original to current discount rates
(379)
(268,706)
42,269
13,492
2,668
(210,656)
Balance at June 30, 2023
$
3,116,389
$
3,167,461
$
923,148
$
328,579
$
85,856
$
7,621,433
(1)Issuances represent the present value, using the original discount rate, of the expected future policy benefits related to new policies issued during each respective period.
(2)The interest accrual is the interest earned on the beginning present value of the expected future policy benefits, as well as the interest on actual benefits and expenses paid during the period, using the original interest rate.
(3)Benefit payments represent the release of the present value, using the original discount rate, of the actual future policy benefits incurred during the period due to death, lapse, and maturity benefit payments based on the revised expected assumptions.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Dollar amounts in thousands, except per share data)
Health
Present value of expected future policy benefits
United American
Family Heritage
Liberty National
American Income
DTC
Total
Balance at April 1, 2022
$
3,508,485
$
3,476,639
$
1,082,425
$
351,631
$
107,034
$
8,526,214
Beginning balance at original discount rates
3,095,417
3,232,281
905,739
292,356
92,272
7,618,065
Effect of changes in assumptions of future cash flows
—
—
—
—
—
—
Effect of actual variances from expected experience
12,396
(21,437)
(8,130)
(3,040)
410
(19,801)
Adjusted balance at April 1, 2022
3,107,813
3,210,844
897,609
289,316
92,682
7,598,264
Issuances(1)
84,924
56,415
11,926
9,972
1,434
164,671
Interest accrual(2)
32,799
30,001
11,916
3,454
1,170
79,340
Benefit payments(3)
(65,508)
(30,016)
(25,314)
(5,148)
(3,143)
(129,129)
Effect of changes in the foreign exchange rate
—
—
—
(2,023)
—
(2,023)
Ending balance at original discount rates
3,160,028
3,267,244
896,137
295,571
92,143
7,711,123
Effect of change from original to current discount rates
125,668
(137,367)
89,077
26,397
7,341
111,116
Balance at June 30, 2022
$
3,285,696
$
3,129,877
$
985,214
$
321,968
$
99,484
$
7,822,239
Balance at April 1, 2023
$
3,132,462
$
3,174,672
$
949,996
$
326,533
$
87,090
$
7,670,753
Beginning balance at original discount rates
3,079,790
3,387,380
890,019
308,170
83,001
7,748,360
Effect of changes in assumptions of future cash flows
—
—
—
—
—
—
Effect of actual variances from expected experience
3,503
(16,513)
(11,023)
(4,439)
472
(28,000)
Adjusted balance at April 1, 2023
3,083,293
3,370,867
878,996
303,731
83,473
7,720,360
Issuances(1)
67,721
64,559
14,616
10,575
1,820
159,291
Interest accrual(2)
34,112
33,031
11,686
3,721
1,061
83,611
Benefit payments(3)
(68,358)
(32,290)
(24,419)
(4,523)
(3,166)
(132,756)
Effect of changes in the foreign exchange rate
—
—
—
1,583
—
1,583
Ending balance at original discount rates
3,116,768
3,436,167
880,879
315,087
83,188
7,832,089
Effect of change from original to current discount rates
(379)
(268,706)
42,269
13,492
2,668
(210,656)
Balance at June 30, 2023
$
3,116,389
$
3,167,461
$
923,148
$
328,579
$
85,856
$
7,621,433
(1)Issuances represent the present value, using the original discount rate, of the expected future policy benefits related to new policies issued during each respective period.
(2)The interest accrual is the interest earned on the beginning present value of the expected future policy benefits, as well as the interest on actual benefits and expenses paid during the period, using the original interest rate.
(3)Benefit payments represent the release of the present value, using the original discount rate, of the actual future policy benefits incurred during the period due to death, lapse, and maturity benefit payments based on the revised expected assumptions.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Dollar amounts in thousands, except per share data)
Health
Net liability for future policy benefits as of June 30, 2022
United American
Family Heritage
Liberty National
American Income
Direct to Consumer
Total
Net liability for future policy benefits at original discount rates
$
137,374
$
1,560,450
$
499,396
$
109,273
$
(2,609)
$
2,303,884
Effect of changes in discount rate assumptions
9,616
(81,080)
60,541
19,159
(340)
7,896
Net liability for future policy benefits at current discount rates
146,990
1,479,370
559,937
128,432
(2,949)
2,311,780
Other Adjustments(1)
(1,405)
(6,461)
1,998
48
4,007
(1,813)
Net liability for future policy benefits, after other adjustments, at current discount rates
$
145,585
$
1,472,909
$
561,935
$
128,480
$
1,058
$
2,309,967
(1)Other adjustments include the Company's reinsurance recoverable and the effects of capping and flooring the liability.
Health
Net liability for future policy benefits as of June 30, 2023
United American
Family Heritage
Liberty National
American Income
Direct to Consumer
Total
Net liability for future policy benefits at original discount rates
131,108
1,664,961
480,699
113,378
(3,652)
2,386,494
Effect of changes in discount rate assumptions
727
(158,520)
32,898
13,357
(166)
(111,704)
Net liability for future policy benefits at current discount rates
131,835
1,506,441
513,597
126,735
(3,818)
2,274,790
Other Adjustments(1)
1,104
(9,797)
4,671
605
4,645
1,228
Net liability for future policy benefits, after other adjustments, at current discount rates
$
132,939
$
1,496,644
$
518,268
$
127,340
$
827
$
2,276,018
(1)Other adjustments include the Company's reinsurance recoverable and the effects of capping and flooring the liability.
During the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, the Company's results for actual variances from expected experience produced a net reserve remeasurement gain of $5.6 million and an immaterial net remeasurement loss in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations, respectively. During the three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, the Company's results for actual variances from expected experience produced a net reserve remeasurement gain of $5.0 million and $3.8 million in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations, respectively. The variance of actual experience from expected experience during the first six months of 2023 was primarily due to favorable variances from our assumptions of life experience as compared to actual experience in our life insurance segment (a $5.1 million gain), and favorable variances from our assumptions of health experience as compared to actual experience in our health insurance segment (a $0.5 million gain). The variance of actual experience from expected experience during the six months ended 2022 was primarily due to unfavorable variances from our assumptions of life experience as compared to actual experience in our life insurance segment (a $4.1 million loss), and favorable variances from our assumptions of health experience as compared to actual experience in our health insurance segment (a $4.0 million gain). The health segment's utilization has returned to normal levels in 2023, specifically in the United American and Liberty National channels. There were no changes to the inputs, judgments, assumptions, and methods used in measuring the liability for future policy benefits during the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Dollar amounts in thousands, except per share data)
The following tables provide the weighted-average original and current discount rates for the liability for future policy benefits and the additional insurance liabilities as of June 30, 2023 and 2022:
Life
Weighted-average Discount Rates
As of June 30, 2023
As of June 30, 2022
American Income
DTC
Liberty National
Other
American Income
DTC
Liberty National
Other
Original discount rate
5.8
%
6.0
%
5.6
%
6.2
%
5.8
%
6.0
%
5.6
%
6.2
%
Current discount rate
5.0
%
5.1
%
5.1
%
5.1
%
4.8
%
4.8
%
4.7
%
4.7
%
Health
Weighted-average Discount Rates
As of June 30, 2023
As of June 30, 2022
United American
Family Heritage
Liberty National
American Income
DTC
United American
Family Heritage
Liberty National
American Income
DTC
Original discount rate
5.1
%
4.3
%
5.8
%
5.9
%
5.1
%
5.2
%
4.3
%
5.8
%
5.9
%
5.2
%
Current discount rate
4.9
%
5.1
%
5.1
%
4.9
%
4.9
%
4.6
%
4.8
%
4.6
%
4.6
%
4.6
%
The following table provides the weighted-average durations of the liability for future policy benefits and the additional insurance liabilities as of June 30, 2023 and 2022:
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Dollar amounts in thousands, except per share data)
The following tables summarize the amount of gross premiums and interest, net of reinsurance, related to long duration life and health contracts that are recognized in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations:
Life
Six Months Ended June 30, 2023
Six Months Ended June 30, 2022
Gross Premiums
Interest expense
Gross Premiums
Interest expense
American Income
$
781,453
$
123,816
$
745,128
$
115,305
Direct to Consumer
490,443
84,062
486,929
78,834
Liberty National
169,570
59,670
159,453
58,592
Other
103,343
88,926
104,550
85,713
Total
$
1,544,809
$
356,474
$
1,496,060
$
338,444
Life
Three Months Ended June 30, 2023
Three Months Ended June 30, 2022
Gross Premiums
Interest expense
Gross Premiums
Interest expense
American Income
$
394,308
$
62,385
$
375,391
$
58,043
Direct to Consumer
245,736
42,348
244,267
39,542
Liberty National
85,498
29,901
80,105
29,307
Other
51,507
44,652
52,163
43,016
Total
$
777,049
$
179,286
$
751,926
$
169,908
Health
Six Months Ended June 30, 2023
Six Months Ended June 30, 2022
Gross Premiums
Interest expense
Gross Premiums
Interest expense
United American
$
198,679
$
3,604
$
187,881
$
3,791
Family Heritage
194,219
32,272
180,298
29,371
Liberty National
93,434
13,801
94,097
14,398
American Income
56,335
3,256
55,941
3,206
Direct to Consumer
7,097
—
7,130
—
Total
$
549,764
$
52,933
$
525,347
$
50,766
Health
Three Months Ended June 30, 2023
Three Months Ended June 30, 2022
Gross Premiums
Interest expense
Gross Premiums
Interest expense
United American
$
100,847
$
1,782
$
95,615
$
1,878
Family Heritage
98,129
16,295
90,758
14,826
Liberty National
46,690
6,881
46,601
7,172
American Income
28,239
1,624
28,004
1,605
Direct to Consumer
3,555
—
3,594
—
Total
$
277,460
$
26,582
$
264,572
$
25,481
Gross premiums are included within life and health premium on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations, while the related interest expense is included in life and health policyholder benefits.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Dollar amounts in thousands, except per share data)
The following tables provide the undiscounted and discounted expected future net premiums, expected future gross premiums, and expected future policy benefits, at both original and current discount rates, for life and health contracts:
Life
As of June 30, 2023
As of June 30, 2022
Not discounted
At original discount rates
At current discount rates
Not discounted
At original discount rates
At current discount rates
American Income
PV of expected future gross premiums
$
23,507,444
$
13,292,363
$
13,604,682
$
22,241,655
$
12,593,870
$
13,403,810
PV of expected future net premiums
7,764,339
4,399,053
4,472,847
7,299,282
4,146,094
4,379,496
PV of expected future policy benefits
29,442,642
8,753,526
9,668,207
27,485,575
8,134,706
9,512,271
DTC
PV of expected future gross premiums
$
17,486,509
$
9,157,664
$
9,599,872
$
17,479,973
$
9,139,637
$
10,021,214
PV of expected future net premiums
10,811,358
5,700,354
5,988,577
10,669,169
5,616,356
6,164,946
PV of expected future policy benefits
25,685,249
8,592,897
9,487,233
25,039,202
8,294,768
9,664,209
Liberty National
PV of expected future gross premiums
$
4,511,931
$
2,630,182
$
2,657,925
$
4,305,035
$
2,511,938
$
2,653,354
PV of expected future net premiums
1,891,335
1,071,561
1,110,017
1,849,968
1,042,155
1,123,072
PV of expected future policy benefits
8,710,626
3,297,781
3,507,845
8,542,769
3,215,311
3,622,642
Other
PV of expected future gross premiums
$
3,773,740
$
1,909,405
$
2,075,784
$
3,888,394
$
1,943,515
$
2,219,226
PV of expected future net premiums
914,258
445,475
471,279
865,231
416,918
461,964
PV of expected future policy benefits
12,398,774
3,448,491
4,109,706
12,297,303
3,312,104
4,220,830
Total
PV of expected future gross premiums
$
49,279,624
$
26,989,614
$
27,938,263
$
47,915,057
$
26,188,960
$
28,297,604
PV of expected future net premiums
21,381,290
11,616,443
12,042,720
20,683,650
11,221,523
12,129,478
PV of expected future policy benefits
76,237,291
24,092,695
26,772,991
73,364,849
22,956,889
27,019,952
As of June 30, 2023 for the life segment using current discount rates, the Company anticipates $27.9 billion of expected future gross premiums and $12.0 billion of expected future net premiums. As of June 30, 2022 using current discount rates, the Company anticipated $28.3 billion of expected future gross premiums and $12.1 billion in expected future net premiums. For each respective period, only expected future net premiums are included in the determination of the liability for future policy benefits on the balance sheet, while the difference between the expected future gross premiums and the expected future net premiums is not.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Dollar amounts in thousands, except per share data)
Health
As of June 30, 2023
As of June 30, 2022
Not discounted
At original discount rates
At current discount rates
Not discounted
At original discount rates
At current discount rates
United American
PV of expected future gross premiums
$
6,896,513
$
4,338,871
$
4,335,298
$
7,009,500
$
4,355,843
$
4,522,406
PV of expected future net premiums
4,754,498
2,985,660
2,984,554
4,881,053
3,022,654
3,138,706
PV of expected future policy benefits
4,976,470
3,116,768
3,116,389
5,161,077
3,160,028
3,285,696
Family Heritage
PV of expected future gross premiums
$
6,569,913
$
3,903,618
$
3,684,436
$
5,972,275
$
3,605,039
$
3,512,619
PV of expected future net premiums
2,958,074
1,771,206
1,661,020
2,805,839
1,706,794
1,650,507
PV of expected future policy benefits
6,483,691
3,436,167
3,167,461
6,083,626
3,267,244
3,129,877
Liberty National
PV of expected future gross premiums
$
2,212,104
$
1,382,884
$
1,429,939
$
2,146,129
$
1,341,205
$
1,450,309
PV of expected future net premiums
627,206
400,180
409,551
631,366
396,741
425,277
PV of expected future policy benefits
1,561,839
880,879
923,148
1,576,325
896,137
985,214
American Income
PV of expected future gross premiums
$
1,787,907
$
998,307
$
1,035,471
$
1,734,015
$
969,006
$
1,043,861
PV of expected future net premiums
360,163
201,709
201,844
328,892
186,298
193,536
PV of expected future policy benefits
640,722
315,087
328,579
605,818
295,571
321,968
Direct to Consumer
PV of expected future gross premiums
$
174,681
$
114,216
$
118,015
$
203,964
$
129,704
$
140,200
PV of expected future net premiums
133,047
86,840
89,674
149,366
94,752
102,433
PV of expected future policy benefits
125,192
83,188
85,856
143,327
92,143
99,484
Total
PV of expected future gross premiums
$
17,641,118
$
10,737,896
$
10,603,159
$
17,065,883
$
10,400,797
$
10,669,395
PV of expected future net premiums
8,832,988
5,445,595
5,346,643
8,796,516
5,407,239
5,510,459
PV of expected future policy benefits
13,787,914
7,832,089
7,621,433
13,570,173
7,711,123
7,822,239
As of June 30, 2023 for the health segment using current discount rates, the Company anticipates $10.6 billion of expected future gross premiums and $5.3 billion of expected future net premiums. As of June 30, 2022 using current discount rates, the Company anticipated $10.7 billion of expected future gross premiums and $5.5 billion in expected future net premiums. For each respective period, only expected future net premiums are included in the determination of the liability for future policy benefits on the balance sheet, while the difference between the expected future gross premiums and the expected future net premiums is not.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Dollar amounts in thousands, except per share data)
The following tables present the policyholders' account balances by range of guaranteed minimum crediting rates and the related range of difference, if any, in basis points between rates being credited to policy holders and the respective guaranteed minimums:
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Dollar amounts in thousands, except per share data)
Note 9—Postretirement Benefits
Globe Life has qualified noncontributory defined benefit pension plans (Pension Plans) and contributory savings plans that cover substantially all employees. There is also a nonqualified noncontributory supplemental executive retirement plan (SERP) that covers a limited number of officers. The tables included herein will focus on the Pension Plans and SERP.
Pension Assets: The following table presents the assets of the Company's Pension Plans at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022.
Pension Assets by Component at June 30, 2023
Fair Value Determined by:
Quoted Prices in
Active Markets
for Identical
Assets (Level 1)
Significant
Observable
Inputs (Level 2)
Significant
Unobservable
Inputs (Level 3)
Total
Amount
% of Total
Corporate bonds:
Financial
$
—
$
14,975
$
—
$
14,975
3
Utilities
—
2,964
—
2,964
1
Energy
—
2,314
—
2,314
—
Other corporates
—
12,196
—
12,196
2
Total corporate bonds
—
32,449
—
32,449
6
Exchange traded fund(1)
300,647
—
—
300,647
56
U.S. Government and Agency
—
128,725
—
128,725
24
Other bonds
—
6
—
6
—
Guaranteed annuity contract(2)
—
43,112
—
43,112
8
Short-term investments
14,695
—
—
14,695
3
Other
5,021
—
—
5,021
1
$
320,363
$
204,292
$
—
524,655
98
Other long-term investments(3)
12,952
2
Total pension assets
$
537,607
100
(1)A fund including marketable securities that mirror the S&P 500 index.
(2)Representing a guaranteed annuity contract issued by Globe Life Inc.'s subsidiary, American Income Life Insurance Company, to fund the obligations of the American Income Life Insurance Company Collective Bargaining Agreement Employees Pension Plan.
(3)Included in other long-term investments is an investment fund that reports the Globe Life Inc. Pension Plan's pro-rata share of the limited partnership's net asset value per share or its equivalent (NAV), as a practical expedient for fair value. The Globe Life Inc. Pension Plan owns less than 1% of the investment fund. As of June 30, 2023, the expected term of the investment fund is approximately 2 years and the commitment of the investment is fully funded. The investment is non-redeemable.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Dollar amounts in thousands, except per share data)
Pension Assets by Component at December 31, 2022
Fair Value Determined by:
Quoted Prices in
Active Markets
for Identical
Assets (Level 1)
Significant
Observable
Inputs (Level 2)
Significant
Unobservable
Inputs (Level 3)
Total
Amount
% of Total
Corporate bonds:
Financial
$
—
$
35,649
$
—
$
35,649
7
Utilities
—
23,436
—
23,436
5
Energy
—
12,776
—
12,776
3
Other corporates
—
56,786
—
56,786
11
Total corporate bonds
—
128,647
—
128,647
26
Exchange traded fund(1)
258,297
—
—
258,297
52
U.S. Government and Agency
—
44,213
—
44,213
9
Other bonds
—
200
—
200
—
Guaranteed annuity contract(2)
—
43,116
—
43,116
8
Short-term investments
4,467
—
—
4,467
1
Other
6,547
—
—
6,547
1
$
269,311
$
216,176
$
—
485,487
97
Other long-term investments(3)
14,288
3
Total pension assets
$
499,775
100
(1)A fund including marketable securities that mirror the S&P 500 index.
(2)Representing a guaranteed annuity contract issued by Globe Life Inc.'s subsidiary, American Income Life Insurance Company, to fund the obligations of the American Income Life Insurance Company Collective Bargaining Agreement Employees Pension Plan.
(3)Included in other long-term investments is an investment fund that reports the Globe Life Inc. Pension Plan's pro-rata share of the limited partnership's net asset value per share or its equivalent (NAV), as a practical expedient for fair value. The Globe Life Inc. Pension Plan owns approximately 1% of the investment fund. As of December 31, 2022, the expected term of the investment fund was approximately 3 years and the commitment of the investment is fully funded. The investment is non-redeemable.
SERP: The following table includes information regarding the SERP.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Dollar amounts in thousands, except per share data)
Pension Plans and SERP Liabilities: The following table presents liabilities for the defined benefit pension plans and SERP at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022.
June 30, 2023
December 31, 2022
Pension Plans
$
534,621
$
492,103
SERP
70,883
70,464
Pension benefit obligation
$
605,504
$
562,567
Net Periodic Benefit Cost:The following table presents the net periodic benefit costs for the Pension Plans and SERP by expense components for the three and six month periods ended June 30, 2023 and 2022.
Components of Net Periodic Benefit Cost
Three Months Ended June 30,
Six Months Ended June 30,
2023
2022
2023
2022
Service cost
$
5,390
$
8,656
$
10,782
$
17,311
Interest cost
7,834
6,121
15,668
12,244
Expected return on assets
(9,656)
(8,885)
(19,312)
(17,770)
Amortization:
Prior service cost
269
158
538
316
Actuarial (gain) loss
(52)
3,208
(104)
6,417
Net periodic benefit cost
$
3,785
$
9,258
$
7,572
$
18,518
Note 10—Earnings Per Share
Earnings per Share: A reconciliation of basic and diluted weighted-average shares outstanding used in the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share is as follows:
Three Months Ended June 30,
Six Months Ended June 30,
2023
2022
2023
2022
Basic weighted average shares outstanding
95,330,416
98,222,993
95,856,391
98,745,402
Weighted average dilutive options outstanding
921,019
717,686
1,228,920
841,940
Diluted weighted average shares outstanding
96,251,435
98,940,679
97,085,311
99,587,342
Antidilutive shares
492,970
3,882,884
351,343
2,232,662
Antidilutive shares are excluded from the calculation of diluted earnings per share.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Dollar amounts in thousands, except per share data)
Note 11—Debt
On May 11, 2023, Globe Life issued a $170 million term loan with an 18-month term and a variable interest rate. The proceeds from the term loan were used to retire the $166 million 7.875% Senior Notes, which matured on May 15, 2023, as well as for other corporate purposes.
The following table presents information about the terms and outstanding balances of Globe Life's debt.
Selected Information about Debt Issues
As of
June 30, 2023
December 31, 2022
Instrument
Issue Date
Maturity Date
Coupon Rate
Par Value
Unamortized Discount & Issuance Costs
Book Value
Fair Value
Book Value
Senior notes
5/27/1993
5/15/2023
7.875%
$
—
$
—
$
—
$
—
$
165,500
Senior notes
9/27/2018
9/15/2028
4.550%
550,000
(4,058)
545,942
531,146
545,601
Senior notes
8/21/2020
8/15/2030
2.150%
400,000
(3,555)
396,445
315,536
396,219
Senior notes(1)
5/19/2022
6/15/2032
4.800%
250,000
(4,317)
245,683
239,521
245,493
Junior subordinated debentures
11/17/2017
11/17/2057
5.275%
125,000
(1,582)
123,418
122,104
123,410
Junior subordinated debentures
6/14/2021
6/15/2061
4.250%
325,000
(7,732)
317,268
255,580
317,229
Term loan(2)
5/11/2023
11/11/2024
6.200%
170,000
(639)
169,361
169,361
—
1,820,000
(21,883)
1,798,117
1,633,248
1,793,452
Less current maturity of long-term debt
—
—
—
—
165,500
Total long-term debt
1,820,000
(21,883)
1,798,117
1,633,248
1,627,952
Current maturity of long-term debt
—
—
—
—
165,500
Commercial paper
260,000
(1,768)
258,232
258,232
283,603
Total short-term debt
260,000
(1,768)
258,232
258,232
449,103
Total debt
$
2,080,000
$
(23,651)
$
2,056,349
$
1,891,480
$
2,077,055
(1)An additional $150 million par value and book value is held by insurance subsidiaries that eliminates in consolidation.
(2)Interest calculated quarterly using Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR) plus 135 basis points.
The commercial paper has the highest priority of all unsecured debt, followed by senior notes then junior subordinated debentures. The senior notes are callable under a make-whole provision, and the junior subordinated debentures are subject to an optional redemption five years from issuance. Interest on the 4.25% junior subordinated debentures is payable quarterly while all other long-term debt is payable semi-annually.
Federal Home Loan Bank (FHLB): FHLB membership provides our insurance subsidiaries with access to various low-cost collateralized borrowings and funding agreements. The membership requires ownership of FHLB common stock, as well as the purchase of activity-based common stock equal to approximately 4.1% of outstanding borrowings.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Dollar amounts in thousands, except per share data)
Globe Life owns $16.5 million in FHLB common stock as of June 30, 2023 and $14.3 million as of December 31, 2022. The FHLB stock is restricted for the duration of the membership and recorded at cost (par) as required by applicable guidance. The FHLB stock is included in "Other long-term investments" in theConsolidated Balance Sheets.Borrowings with the FHLB are subject to the availability of pledged assets at Globe Life. As of June 30, 2023, Globe Life's maximum borrowing capacity under the FHLB facility was approximately $655 million, based on pledged assets with a fair value of $902 million. As of June 30, 2023, $88 million in funding agreements were outstanding with the FHLB, compared to $23 million as of December 31, 2022. This amount is included in "Other policyholders' funds" on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.The Company had no short-term borrowings from the FHLB as of June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022.
Note 12—Business Segments
Globe Life is organized into four segments: life insurance, supplemental health insurance, annuities, and investments. In addition, other expenses not included in these segments are reported in "Corporate & Other."
Globe Life's reportable insurance segments are based on the insurance product lines it markets and administers: life insurance, supplemental health insurance, and annuities. These major product lines are set out as reportable segments because of the common characteristics of products within these categories, comparability of margins, and the similarity in regulatory environment and management techniques. There is also an investment segment that manages the investment portfolio and cash flow for the insurance segments and the corporate function, which has been retrospectively adjusted to exclude the interest on deferred acquisition costs due to the adoption of ASU 2018-12 and the interest on debt. The Company's chief operating decision makers evaluate the overall performance of the operations of the Company in accordance with these segments.
Life insurance products marketed by Globe Life include traditional whole life and term life insurance. An immaterial amount of annuities sold as companion products are included in the life segment. Health insurance products are generally guaranteed renewable and include Medicare Supplement, cancer, critical illness, accident, and limited-benefit supplemental hospital and surgical coverage. Annuities include fixed-benefit contracts.
The following tables present segment premium revenue by each of Globe Life's distribution channels.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Dollar amounts in thousands, except per share data)
Premium Income by Distribution Channel
Three Months Ended June 30, 2022
Life
Health
Annuity
Total
Distribution Channel
Amount
% of
Total
Amount
% of
Total
Amount
% of
Total
Amount
% of
Total
American Income
$
375,748
50
$
29,411
9
$
—
—
$
405,159
38
Direct to Consumer
247,264
33
17,848
6
—
—
265,112
25
Liberty National
81,316
11
46,846
15
—
—
128,162
12
United American
2,003
—
135,444
42
—
—
137,447
13
Family Heritage
1,373
—
90,758
28
—
—
92,131
8
Other
49,188
6
—
—
—
—
49,188
4
$
756,892
100
$
320,307
100
$
—
—
$
1,077,199
100
Six Months Ended June 30, 2023
Life
Health
Annuity
Total
Distribution Channel
Amount
% of Total
Amount
% of Total
Amount
% of Total
Amount
% of Total
American Income
$
782,132
51
$
59,121
9
$
—
—
$
841,253
38
Direct to Consumer
496,274
32
34,423
5
—
—
530,697
24
Liberty National
171,837
11
93,875
14
—
—
265,712
12
United American
3,731
—
270,060
42
—
—
273,791
12
Family Heritage
2,993
—
194,201
30
—
—
197,194
9
Other
97,363
6
—
—
—
—
97,363
5
$
1,554,330
100
$
651,680
100
$
—
—
$
2,206,010
100
Six Months Ended June 30, 2022
Life
Health
Annuity
Total
Distribution Channel
Amount
% of
Total
Amount
% of
Total
Amount
% of
Total
Amount
% of
Total
American Income
$
745,854
49
$
58,177
9
$
—
—
$
804,031
37
Direct to Consumer
492,996
33
35,776
6
—
—
528,772
25
Liberty National
161,876
11
94,606
15
—
—
256,482
12
United American
4,077
—
267,134
42
—
—
271,211
13
Family Heritage
2,732
—
180,298
28
—
—
183,030
8
Other
98,485
7
—
—
—
—
98,485
5
$
1,506,020
100
$
635,991
100
$
—
—
$
2,142,011
100
Due to the nature of the life insurance industry, Globe Life has no individual or group that would be considered a major customer. Substantially all of Globe Life's business is conducted in the United States.
The measure of profitability established by the chief operating decision makers for the insurance segments is underwriting margin before other income and administrative expenses, in accordance with the manner in which the segments are managed. It essentially represents gross profit margin on insurance products before insurance administrative expenses and consists primarily of premium less net policy benefits, acquisition expenses, and commissions. Required interest on policy liabilities is reflected as a component of the Investment segment (rather
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Dollar amounts in thousands, except per share data)
than as a component of underwriting margin in the insurance and annuity segments) in order to match this cost with the investment income earned on the assets supporting the policy liabilities.
The measure of profitability for the Investment segment is excess investment income, representing the income earned on the investment portfolio in excess of policy requirements. During the implementation of ASU 2018-12, the Company reviewed its segment disclosures and modified the measure of profitability of our Investment Segment due to the adoption impact of the standard and to align more appropriately with how we view and measure this segment. As of January 1, 2023, this measure was retrospectively adjusted to exclude the interest on deferred acquisition costs due to the adoption of ASU 2018-12 and the interest expense on debt. Other than the above-mentioned interest allocations, no other intersegment revenues or expenses are recognized. Expenses directly attributable to corporate operations are included in the “Corporate & Other” category. Stock-based compensation expense is considered a corporate expense by Globe Life management and is included in this category. All other unallocated revenues and expenses on a pretax basis, including insurance administrative expense and interest on debt, are also included in the “Corporate & Other” segment category.
Globe Life holds a sizable investment portfolio to support its insurance liabilities, the yield from which is used to offset policy benefit, acquisition, administrative and tax expenses. This yield or investment income is taken into account when establishing premium rates and profitability expectations for its insurance products. From time to time, investments are sold or called, or experience a credit loss event, each of which is reflected by the Company as realized gain (loss)—investments. These gains or losses generally occur as a result of disposition due to issuer calls, compliance with Company investment policies, or other reasons often beyond management’s control. Unlike investment income, realized gains and losses are incidental to insurance operations, and only overall yields are considered when setting premium rates or insurance product profitability expectations. While these gains and losses are not relevant to segment profitability or core operating results, they can have a material positive or negative result on net income. For these reasons, management removes realized investment gains and losses when it views its segment operations.
Management removes items that are related to prior periods when evaluating the operating results of current periods. Management also removes non-operating items unrelated to the Company's core insurance activities when evaluating those results. Therefore, these items are excluded in its presentation of segment results because accounting guidance requires that operating segment results be presented as management views its business. With the exception of administrative settlements, all of these items are included in “Other operating expense” in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the appropriate year. See additional detail below in the tables.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Dollar amounts in thousands, except per share data)
The following tables set forth a reconciliation of Globe Life's revenues and operations by segment to its major income statement line items. See Note 1—Significant Accounting Policies for additional information concerning reconciling items of segment profits to pretax income.
Three Months Ended June 30, 2023
Life
Health
Annuity
Investment
Corporate & Other
Adjustments
Consolidated
Revenue:
Premium
$
781,733
$
329,187
$
—
$
—
$
—
$
—
$
1,110,920
Net investment income
—
—
—
261,244
—
—
261,244
Other income
—
—
—
—
85
—
85
Total revenue
781,733
329,187
—
261,244
85
—
1,372,249
Expenses:
Policy benefits
512,664
195,924
7,107
1,815
—
—
717,510
Required interest on reserves
(191,781)
(26,548)
(9,715)
228,044
—
—
—
Amortization of acquisition costs
81,173
12,484
423
—
—
—
94,080
Commissions, premium taxes, and non-deferred acquisition costs
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Dollar amounts in thousands, except per share data)
The following tables set forth a reconciliation of Globe Life's revenues and operations by segment to its major income statement line items. See Note—1 Significant Accounting Policies for additional information concerning reconciling items of segment profits to pretax income.
Six Months Ended June 30, 2023
Life
Health
Annuity
Investment
Corporate & Other
Adjustments
Consolidated
Revenue:
Premium
$
1,554,330
$
651,680
$
—
$
—
$
—
$
—
$
2,206,010
Net investment income
—
—
—
518,349
—
—
518,349
Other income
—
—
—
—
135
—
135
Total revenue
1,554,330
651,680
—
518,349
135
—
2,724,494
Expenses:
Policy obligations
1,020,641
386,886
14,648
3,262
—
—
1,425,437
Required interest on reserves
(381,602)
(52,871)
(19,974)
454,447
—
—
—
Amortization of acquisition costs
160,762
24,792
848
—
—
—
186,402
Commissions, premium taxes, and non-deferred acquisition costs
We caution readers regarding certain forward-looking statements contained in the foregoing discussion and elsewhere in this document, and in any other statements made by, or on behalf of Globe Life whether or not in future filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission. Any statement that is not a historical fact, or that might otherwise be considered an opinion or projection concerning the Company or its business, whether express or implied, is meant as and should be considered a forward-looking statement. Such statements represent management's opinions concerning future operations, strategies, financial results or other developments. We specifically disclaim any obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statement because of new information, future developments, or otherwise.
Forward-looking statements are based upon estimates and assumptions that are subject to significant business, economic and competitive uncertainties, many of which are beyond our control, including uncertainties related to the impact of the recent pandemic and associated direct and indirect effects on our business operations, financial results, and financial condition. If these estimates or assumptions prove to be incorrect, the actual results of Globe Life may differ materially from the forward-looking statements made on the basis of such estimates or assumptions. Whether or not actual results differ materially from forward-looking statements may depend on numerous foreseeable and unforeseeable events or developments, which may be national in scope, related to the insurance industry generally, or applicable to the Company specifically. Such events or developments could include, but are not necessarily limited to:
1.Economic and other conditions, including the impact of inflation, geopolitical events, and the recent pandemic on the U.S. economy, leading to unexpected changes in lapse rates and/or sales of our policies, as well as levels of mortality, morbidity, and utilization of health care services that differ from Globe Life's assumptions;
2.Regulatory developments, including changes in accounting standards or governmental regulations (particularly those impacting taxes and changes to the Federal Medicare program that would affect Medicare Supplement);
3.Market trends in the senior-aged health care industry that provide alternatives to traditional Medicare (such as Health Maintenance Organizations and other managed care or private plans) and that could affect the sales of traditional Medicare Supplement insurance;
5.General economic, industry sector or individual debt issuers’ financial conditions (including developments and volatility arising from geopolitical events, particularly in certain industries that may comprise part of our investment portfolio) that may affect the current market value of securities we own, or that may impair an issuer’s ability to make principal and/or interest payments due on those securities;
6.Changes in the competitiveness of the Company's products and pricing;
7.Litigation results;
8.Levels of administrative and operational efficiencies that differ from our assumptions (including any reduction in efficiencies resulting from increased costs arising from the impact of higher than anticipated inflation);
9.The ability to obtain timely and appropriate premium rate increases for health insurance policies from our regulators;
10.The customer response to new products and marketing initiatives;
11.Reported amounts in the consolidated financial statements which are based on management estimates and judgments which may differ from the actual amounts ultimately realized;
12.Compromise by a malicious actor or other event that causes a loss of secure data from, or inaccessibility to, our computer and other information technology systems;
13.The severity, magnitude, and impact of natural or man-made catastrophic events, including but not limited to pandemics, tornadoes, hurricanes, earthquakes, war and terrorism, on our operations and personnel, commercial activity and demand for our products; and
14.Our ability to access the commercial paper and debt markets, particularly if such markets become unpredictable or unstable for a certain period.
Readers are also directed to consider other risks and uncertainties described in other documents on file with the Securities and Exchange Commission.
Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
The following discussion should be read in conjunction with Globe Life's Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes thereto appearing elsewhere in this report. The following management discussion will only include comparison to prior year.
The results included herein reflect the adoption of ASU 2018-12, Financial Services - Insurance (Topic 944): Targeted Improvements to the Accounting for Long-Duration Contracts. Globe Life Inc. implemented the standard on January 1, 2023 using the modified retrospective transition method at adoption. As a result of this election, the prior year figures have been retrospectively adjusted as of January 1, 2021 with significant impacts to Shareholders' Equity, underwriting margins, and net operating income. While the impacts of the new accounting guidance is significant, we do not consider it a fundamental change to the overall business.
"Globe Life" and the "Company" refer to Globe Life Inc. and its subsidiaries and affiliates.
Results of Operations
How Globe Life Views Its Operations. Globe Life Inc. is the holding company for a group of insurance companies that market primarily individual life and supplemental health insurance to lower middle to middle-income households throughout the United States. We view our operations by segments, which are the insurance product lines of life, supplemental health, and annuities, and the investment segment that supports the product lines. Segments are aligned based on their common characteristics, comparability of the profit margins, and management techniques used to operate each segment.
Insurance Product Line Segments. The insurance product line segments involve the marketing, underwriting, and administration of policies. Each product line is further segmented by the various distribution channels that market the insurance policies. Each distribution channel operates in a niche market offering insurance products designed for that particular market. Whether analyzing profitability of a segment as a whole, or the individual distribution channels within the segment, the measure of profitability used by management is the underwriting margin, as seen below:
Premium revenue
(Policy obligations)
(Policy acquisition costs and commissions)
Underwriting margin
Investment Segment.The investment segment involves the management of our capital resources, including investments and the management of liquidity. Our measure of profitability for the investment segment is excess investment income, as seen below:
Current Highlights, comparing year-to-date 2023 with 2022.
•Net income as a return on equity (ROE) for the six months ended June 30, 2023 was 22.4% and net operating income as an ROE, excluding accumulated other comprehensive income(1) was 14.6%.
•Total premium increased 3% over the same period in the prior year. Life premium increased 3% for the period from $1.5 billion in 2022 to $1.6 billion in 2023.
•Net investment income increased 6% over the same period in the prior year.
•Total net sales increased 4% over the same period in the prior year from $366 million in 2022 to $379 million in 2023. The average producing agent count across all of the exclusive agencies increased 9% over the prior year.
•Book value per share increased 26% over the same period in the prior year from $32.78 to $41.44. Book value per share, excluding accumulated other comprehensive income(1), increased 10% over the prior year from $65.64 in 2022 to $72.09 in 2023.
•For the six months ended June 30, 2023, the Company repurchased 2.0 million shares of Globe Life Inc. common stock at a total cost of $219 million for an average share price of $111.94.
•The combined average agent count for the three exclusive agencies surpassed 15,000 for the first time.
The following graphs represent net income and net operating income for the six month periods ended June 30, 2023 and 2022.
(1)As shown in the charts above, net operating income is the consolidated total of segment profits after tax and as such is considered a non-GAAP measure. It has been used consistently by Globe Life's management for many years to evaluate the operating performance of the Company. It differs from net income primarily because it excludes certain non-operating items such as realized gains and losses and certain significant and unusual items included in net income. Net income is the most directly comparable GAAP measure.
Net operating income as an ROE, excluding accumulated other comprehensive income (AOCI), is considered a non-GAAP measure. Management utilizes this measure to view the business without the effect of changes in AOCI, which are primarily attributable to fluctuation in interest rates. The impact of the adjustment to exclude AOCI, net of tax, is $(2.9) billion and $(3.2) billion for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
Book value per share, excluding AOCI, is also considered a non-GAAP measure. Management utilizes this measure to view the book value of the business without the effect of changes in AOCI, which are primarily attributable to fluctuation in interest rates. The impact of the adjustment to exclude AOCI is $(30.65) and $(32.86) for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
Summary of Operations. Net income declined 5% to $439 million during the six months ended June 30, 2023, compared with $461 million in the same period in 2022. This decrease was attributed to $61 million of after-tax realized losses on investments in the current period, as compared to $30 million of after tax realized losses on investments in the year-ago period. See further discussion under the caption Investments. On a diluted per common share basis, net income per common share for the six months ended June 30, 2023 declined 2% from $4.63 to $4.52.
Net operating income increased 1% to $500 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023, compared with $495 million for the same period in 2022, primarily due to a 22% increase in excess investment income as well as a 2% increase in health underwriting margin, offset by a 21% increase in interest on debt. On a diluted per common share basis, net operating income per common share for the six months ended June 30, 2023 increased from $4.97 to $5.15, a 4% increase. Net operating income is the consolidated total of segment profits after tax and as such is considered a non-GAAP measure. Net income is the most directly comparable GAAP measure. We do not consider realized gains and losses to be a component of our core insurance operations or operating segments. Additionally, net income in 2022 was affected by certain significant and unusual non-operating items. We do not view these items as components of core operating results because they are not indicative of past performance or future prospects of the insurance operations. We remove items such as these that relate to prior periods or are non-operating items when evaluating the results of current operations, and therefore exclude such items from our segment analysis for current periods.
Insurance reserve liabilities are determined each reporting period based on the net level premium method. Net level premiums reflect a recomputed net premium ratio using actual experience since the issue date, and expected future experience based on future cash-flow assumptions. The Company regularly reviews its cash flow assumptions (mortality, morbidity, lapses, and persistency) used to calculate the change in the liability for future policy benefits and updates those cash flow assumptions as necessary annually in the third quarter, or more frequently if suggested by experience. The policy liability is accrued as premium revenue is recognized and adjusted for differences between actual and expected experience in the form of remeasurement gains and losses during the period. We did update our cash flow assumptions in the third quarter of 2022 which impacts the reserve development and comparisons between the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022 given the timing of the cash-flow assumption update and its impact on the recomputed net premiums for subsequent periods.
The Company continues to see positive signs in its core operations, including strong sales and premium growth, favorable persistency, and a strong ROE, excluding accumulated other comprehensive income.
Globe Life's operations on a segment-by-segment basis are discussed in depth below. Net operating income has been used consistently by management for many years to evaluate the operating performance of the Company and is a measure commonly used in the life insurance industry. It differs from GAAP net income primarily because it excludes certain non-operating items such as realized gains and losses and other significant and unusual items included in net income. Management believes an analysis of net operating income is important in understanding the profitability and operating trends of the Company’s business. Net income is the most directly comparable GAAP measure.
Analysis of Profitability by Segment
(Dollar amounts in thousands)
Six Months Ended June 30,
2023
2022
Change
%
Life insurance underwriting margin
$
587,404
$
588,719
$
(1,315)
—
Health insurance underwriting margin
183,751
179,781
3,970
2
Annuity underwriting margin
4,469
5,244
(775)
(15)
Excess investment income
60,640
49,890
10,750
22
Other insurance:
Other income
135
463
(328)
(71)
Administrative expense
(149,366)
(146,265)
(3,101)
2
Corporate and other
(71,523)
(64,788)
(6,735)
10
Pre-tax total
615,510
613,044
2,466
—
Applicable taxes
(115,992)
(118,076)
2,084
(2)
Net operating income
499,518
494,968
4,550
1
Reconciling items, net of tax:
Realized gain (loss)—investments
(60,648)
(29,775)
(30,873)
Non-operating expenses
—
(3,736)
3,736
Net income
$
438,870
$
461,457
$
(22,587)
(5)
The results for the first six months of 2023 are impacted, as previously noted, by the reserve development and assumption changes in the third quarter of 2022, which are affecting the comparability of the first six months of 2023 to the first six months of 2022. The life insurance segment is our primary segment and is the largest contributor to earnings in each period presented. The life insurance segment underwriting margin decreased slightly compared with the prior year six-month period. The health segment contributed to the growth in net operating income, contributing $184 million of underwriting margin in the first six months of 2023 compared with $180 million in the first six months of 2022, an increase of 2%.
In 2023, the largest contributor of total underwriting margin was the life insurance segment and the primary distribution channel was the American Income Life Division. The following charts represent the breakdown of total underwriting margin by operating segment and distribution channel for the six months ended June 30, 2023.
Total premium income rose 3% for the six months ended June 30, 2023 to $2.2 billion. Total net sales increased 4% to $379 million, when compared with 2022. Total first-year collected premium (defined in the following section) increased 1% to $297 million for 2023 compared to $293 million in 2022.
Life insurance premium income increased 3% to $1.6 billion over the prior-year total of $1.5 billion. Life net sales increased slightly to $280 million for the first six months of 2023. First-year collected life premium declined 2% to $208 million. Life underwriting margin, as a percent of premium, declined to 38% in 2023 from 39%. Underwriting margin decreased slightly to $587 million in 2023, compared to $589 million for the same period in 2022.
Health insurance premium income increased 2% to $652 million over the prior-year total of $636 million. Health net sales rose 15% to $99 million for the first six months of 2023. First-year collected health premium rose 9% to $89 million. Health underwriting margin, as a percent of premium, was 28% in 2023 and 2022. Health underwriting margin increased to $184 million for the first six months of 2023, 2% over the same period in 2022.
Excess investment income, the measure of profitability of our investment segment, increased during the first six months of 2023 to $60.6 million from $49.9 million in the same period in 2022. Excess investment income per common share, reflecting the impact of our share repurchase program and increased net investment income, increased 24% to $0.62 from $0.50 when compared with the same period in 2022.
Insurance administrative expenses increased 2% in 2023 when compared with the prior-year period. These expenses were 6.8% as a percent of premium during 2023 and 2022.
For the six months ended June 30, 2023, the Company repurchased 2.0 million Globe Life Inc. shares at a total cost of $219 million for an average share price of $111.94.
The discussions of our segments are presented in the manner we view our operations, as described in Note 12—Business Segments.
We use three statistical measures as indicators of premium growth and sales over the near term: “annualized premium in force,” “net sales,” and “first-year collected premium.”
•Annualized premium in force is defined as the premium income that would be received over the following twelve months at any given date on all active policies if those policies remain in force throughout the twelve-month period.
•Net sales, a statistical performance measure, is calculated as annualized premium issued, net of cancellations in the first thirty days after issue, except in the case of Direct to Consumer, where net sales is annualized premium issued at the time the first full premium is paid after any introductory offer period has expired. Management considers net sales to be a better indicator of the rate of premium growth than annualized premium issued.
•First-year collected premium is defined as the premium collected during the reporting period for all policies in their first policy year. First-year collected premium takes lapses into account in the first year when lapses are more likely to occur, and thus is a useful indicator of how much new premium is expected to be added to premium income in the future.
See further discussion of the distribution channels below for Life and Health.
Life insurance is the Company's predominant segment. During 2023, life premium represented 70% of total premium and life underwriting margin represented 76% of the total underwriting margin. Additionally, investments supporting the reserves for life products produce the majority of excess investment income attributable to the investment segment.
The following table presents the summary of results of life insurance. Further discussion of the results by distribution channel is included below.
Life Insurance
Summary of Results
(Dollar amounts in thousands)
Six Months Ended June 30,
Change
2023
2022
Amount
% of Premium
Amount
% of Premium
Amount
%
Premium and policy charges
$
1,554,330
100
$
1,506,020
100
$
48,310
3
Policy obligations
1,020,641
66
987,793
65
32,848
3
Required interest on reserves
(381,602)
(25)
(364,128)
(24)
(17,474)
5
Net policy obligations
639,039
41
623,665
41
15,374
2
Commissions, premium taxes, and non-deferred acquisition expenses
167,125
11
148,026
10
19,099
13
Amortization of acquisition costs
160,762
10
145,610
10
15,152
10
Total expense
966,926
62
917,301
61
49,625
5
Insurance underwriting margin
$
587,404
38
$
588,719
39
$
(1,315)
—
Net policy obligations amounted to 41% of premium for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022.
The following table presents Globe Life's life insurance premium by distribution channel.
Life Insurance
Premium by Distribution Channel
(Dollar amounts in thousands)
Six Months Ended June 30,
Change
2023
2022
Amount
% of Total
Amount
% of Total
Amount
%
American Income
$
782,132
50
$
745,854
49
$
36,278
5
Direct to Consumer
496,274
32
492,996
33
3,278
1
Liberty National
171,837
11
161,876
11
9,961
6
Other
104,087
7
105,294
7
(1,207)
(1)
Total
$
1,554,330
100
$
1,506,020
100
$
48,310
3
Annualized life premium in force was $3.14 billion at June 30, 2023, an increase of 4% over $3.02 billion a year earlier.
An analysis of life net sales, an indicator of new business production, by distribution channel is presented below.
Life Insurance
Net Sales by Distribution Channel
(Dollar amounts in thousands)
Six Months Ended June 30,
Change
2023
2022
Amount
% of Total
Amount
% of Total
Amount
%
American Income
$
165,269
59
$
170,514
61
$
(5,245)
(3)
Direct to Consumer
64,096
23
66,529
24
(2,433)
(4)
Liberty National
45,248
16
36,625
13
8,623
24
Other
5,044
2
4,955
2
89
2
Total
$
279,657
100
$
278,623
100
$
1,034
—
First-year collected life premium by distribution channel is presented in the table below.
Life Insurance
First-Year Collected Premium by Distribution Channel
(Dollar amounts in thousands)
Six Months Ended June 30,
Change
2023
2022
Amount
% of Total
Amount
% of Total
Amount
%
American Income
$
129,907
62
$
131,908
63
$
(2,001)
(2)
Direct to Consumer
40,835
20
46,656
22
(5,821)
(12)
Liberty National
32,423
16
28,001
13
4,422
16
Other
4,381
2
4,731
2
(350)
(7)
Total
$
207,546
100
$
211,296
100
$
(3,750)
(2)
A discussion of life operations by distribution channel follows.
The American Income Life Division markets to members of labor unions and continues to diversify its lead sources by building relationships with other affinity groups, utilizing third-party internet vendor leads, and obtaining referrals to facilitate sustainable growth. This division is Globe Life's largest contributor to life premium of any distribution channel at 50% of the Company's June 30, 2023 total life premium. Net sales declined 3% to $165 million during the first six months of 2023, compared with $171 million during the same period in 2022. The comparison to prior year sales is challenging due to the strong sales growth a year ago. Life sales for the first six months of 2022 grew 19% over the same period in 2021. The underwriting margin, as a percent of premium, was 45% for the six months ended June 30, 2023, down from 47% in the year-ago period due to higher acquisition costs.
Below is the average producing agent count at the end of the period for the American Income Life Division. The average producing agent count is based on the actual count at the end of each week during the year. The average producing agent count increased 6% over the year-ago period. The increase in average producing agent count was driven by an increase in new agent recruiting. Sales growth in this division, as well as within our other exclusive agencies, is generally dependent on growth in the size of the agency force.
American Income Life continues to focus on growing and strengthening the agency force, specifically through emphasis on agency middle-management growth and additional agency office openings. In addition to offering financial incentives and training opportunities, the agency has made considerable investments in information technology, including a customer relationship management (CRM) tool for the agency force. This tool is designed to drive productivity in lead distribution, conservation of business, manager dashboards and new agent recruiting. Additionally, this division has invested in and successfully implemented technology that allows the agency force to engage in virtual recruiting, training, and sales activity. The agents have shifted to primarily a virtual experience with the customers and have generated a vast majority of sales through virtual presentations. We find this flexibility to be enticing for new recruits as well as a driver of sustainability for our agency force.
The Direct to Consumer Division (DTC) offers adult and juvenile life insurance through a variety of marketing approaches, including direct mailings, insert media, and electronic media. In recent years, production from electronic media, which is comprised of sales through both the internet and inbound phone calls to our call center, has grown faster than direct mail response, as customer preferences focused marketing activity to internet and mobile technology. The proportion of sales from the internet and inbound phone calls continue to outpace the activity from the direct mailings, but all three channels continue to work in an omnichannel approach. The different media channels support and complement one another in the division's efforts to reach the consumer. The DTC's long-term growth has been fueled by constant innovation and name recognition. We continually introduce new initiatives in this division in an attempt to increase response rates.
While the juvenile market is an important source of sales, it is also a vehicle to reach the parents and grandparents of juvenile policyholders, who are more likely to respond favorably to a DTC solicitation for life coverage on themselves in comparison to the general adult population. Also, future offerings to juvenile policyholders and their parents are sources of low acquisition-cost life insurance sales in the future.
DTC net sales declined 4% to $64 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023 compared with $67 million for the same period in the prior year. This decline is due primarily to reductions in direct mail and mailing insert marketing activity resulting from the impact of inflation on postage and paper costs. While total sales have declined, we continue to see growth in our electronic sales. Since 2019, electronic sales have grown at an approximate 6% compound annual growth rate. DTC’s underwriting margin, as a percent of premium, was 23% for the six months ended June 30, 2023 compared with 24% for the same period in 2022.
The Liberty National Division markets individual life insurance to middle-income household and worksite customers. Recent investments in new sales technologies as well as recent growth in middle management within the agency are expected to help continue this growth. The underwriting margin as a percent of premium was 33% for the six months ended June 30, 2023, down from 34% during the same period a year ago. The decrease is primarily attributable to higher acquisition costs in relation to premium during the six months ended June 30, 2023 compared with the same period a year ago.
Net sales rose 24% in the six months ended June 30, 2023 over the same period in 2022. With the division's ability to return to face-to-face customer interaction and the option of virtual sales, the Company continues to project total life net sales to increase for the remainder of 2023 as compared to the prior year.
Below is the average producing agent count at the end of the period for the Liberty National Division.
At June 30,
Change
2023
2022
Amount
%
Liberty National
3,096
2,685
411
15
The Liberty National Division average producing agent count increased significantly compared with the prior-year comparable period. We continue to execute our long-term plan to grow this agency through expansion from small-town markets in the Southeast to more densely populated areas with larger pools of potential agent recruits and customers. In addition to the aforementioned geographic expansion, we have also started a campaign of market expansion to increase our agency presence in cities where we currently have offices, but not significant enough to properly serve the community, region, area and city. These tend to be larger geographic cities which will help create long-term sustainable agency growth. Additionally, the agency continues to help improve the ability of agents to
develop new worksite marketing business. Systems that have been put in place, including the addition of a CRM platform and enhanced analytical capabilities, help the agents develop additional worksite marketing opportunities as well as improve the productivity of agents selling in the individual life market. As the division continues to gain momentum in its sales and recruiting initiatives, as well as advances in its technology and CRM platform, the agency anticipates continued growth in recruiting activity and average producing agent count.
The other distribution channels primarily include non-exclusive independent agencies selling primarily life insurance. The other distribution channels contributed $104 million of life premium income, or 7% of Globe Life's total life premium income in the six months ended June 30, 2023, and contributed 2% of net sales for the period.
HEALTH INSURANCE
Health insurance sold by the Company primarily includes Medicare Supplement insurance, accident coverage, and other limited-benefit supplemental health products including cancer, critical illness, heart, and intensive care coverage.
Health premium accounted for 30% of our total premium in 2023, while the health underwriting margin accounted for 24% of total underwriting margin. Health underwriting margin increased 2% to $184 million primarily due to higher premium growth. The Company continues to emphasize life insurance sales relative to health due to life’s superior long-term profitability and its greater contribution to excess investment income.
The following table presents underwriting margin data for health insurance.
Health Insurance
Summary of Results
(Dollar amounts in thousands)
Six Months Ended June 30,
Change
2023
2022
Amount
% of Premium
Amount
% of Premium
Amount
%
Premium
$
651,680
100
$
635,991
100
$
15,689
2
Policy obligations
386,886
59
379,093
60
7,793
2
Required interest on reserves
(52,871)
(8)
(50,730)
(8)
(2,141)
4
Net policy obligations
334,015
51
328,363
52
5,652
2
Commissions, premium taxes, and non-deferred acquisition expenses
Globe Life markets supplemental health insurance products through a number of distribution channels. The following table is an analysis of our health premium by distribution channel.
Health Insurance
Premium by Distribution Channel
(Dollar amounts in thousands)
Six Months Ended June 30,
Increase (Decrease)
2023
2022
Amount
% of Total
Amount
% of Total
Amount
%
United American
$
270,060
42
$
267,134
42
$
2,926
1
Family Heritage
194,201
30
180,298
28
13,903
8
Liberty National
93,875
14
94,606
15
(731)
(1)
American Income
59,121
9
58,177
9
944
2
Direct to Consumer
34,423
5
35,776
6
(1,353)
(4)
Total
$
651,680
100
$
635,991
100
$
15,689
2
Premium related to limited-benefit plans comprise $366 million, or 56%, of the total health premiums for 2023 compared with $348 million, or 55%, in the same period in the prior year. Premium from Medicare Supplement products comprises the remaining $286 million, or 44%, for 2023 compared with $288 million, or 45%, in the same period in the prior year.
Annualized health premium in force was $1.34 billion at June 30, 2023, an increase of 3% over $1.30 billion a year earlier.
Presented below is a table of health net sales by distribution channel.
Health Insurance
Net Sales by Distribution Channel
(Dollar amounts in thousands)
Six Months Ended June 30,
Increase (Decrease)
2023
2022
Amount
% of Total
Amount
% of Total
Amount
%
United American
$
28,313
29
$
25,347
29
$
2,966
12
Family Heritage
45,553
46
38,007
44
7,546
20
Liberty National
15,154
15
13,037
15
2,117
16
American Income
9,216
9
9,428
11
(212)
(2)
Direct to Consumer
1,257
1
1,063
1
194
18
Total
$
99,493
100
$
86,882
100
$
12,611
15
Health net sales related to limited-benefit plans comprise $77 million, or 78%, of the total health net sales for 2023 compared with $64 million, or 73%, in the same period in the prior year. Medicare Supplement sales make up the remaining $22 million, or 22%, for 2023 compared with $23 million, or 27%, in the same period in the prior year.
The following table presents health insurance first-year collected premium by distribution channel.
Health Insurance
First-Year Collected Premium by Distribution Channel
(Dollar amounts in thousands)
Six Months Ended June 30,
Increase (Decrease)
2023
2022
Amount
% of Total
Amount
% of Total
Amount
%
United American
$
31,585
36
$
31,003
38
$
582
2
Family Heritage
35,030
39
29,596
36
5,434
18
Liberty National
12,414
14
11,126
13
1,288
12
American Income
8,371
9
8,711
11
(340)
(4)
Direct to Consumer
1,732
2
1,467
2
265
18
Total
$
89,132
100
$
81,903
100
$
7,229
9
First-year collected premium related to limited-benefit plans comprise $64 million, or 71%, of total first-year collected premium for 2023 compared with $53 million, or 64%, in the same period in the prior year. First-year collected premium from Medicare Supplement policies makes up the remaining $25 million, or 29%, for 2023 compared with $29 million, or 36%, in the same period in the prior year.
A discussion of health operations by distribution channel follows.
The United American Division consists of non-exclusive independent agencies who may also sell for other companies. The United American Division was Globe Life's largest health agency in terms of health premium income, with sales up 12% from the same period in the prior year period.
This division includes three different units:
•UA General Agency, which primarily sells individual Medicare Supplement insurance through independent agents;
•Special Markets, which markets retiree health insurance to employer and union group through brokers; and
•Globe Life Benefits, which offers group worksite supplemental health insurance through brokers.
While the increase in sales for this division was driven primarily by sales growth at Globe Life Benefits, the majority of the premium revenue comes from Medicare Supplement and Retiree Health business. Underwriting margin as a percent of premium for the division decreased to 10% for the six months ended June 30, 2023 compared to 11% in 2022.
The Family Heritage Division primarily markets limited-benefit supplemental health insurance in non-urban areas. Most of its policies include a cash-back feature, such as a return of premium, where any excess of premiums over claims paid is returned to the policyholder at the end of a specified period stated within the insurance policy. Underwriting margin as a percent of premium was 33% for the six months ended June 30, 2023, up from 31% in the same period last year.
The division experienced a 20% increase in health net sales as compared with the six-month period a year ago, primarily due to an increase in recruiting, as well as improved agent productivity and training. The division will continue to implement incentive programs to further these increases in the number of producing agents.
Below is the average producing agent count at the end of the period for the Family Heritage Division. The average producing agent count was up 16% compared with the same period a year ago, driven by a significant increase in recruiting during 2022 and 2023.
At June 30,
Change
2023
2022
Amount
%
Family Heritage Division
1,322
1,137
185
16
The Liberty National Division represented 14% of all Globe Life health premium income for the six-month period ended June 30, 2023. The Liberty National Division markets limited-benefit supplemental health products, consisting primarily of cancer and critical illness insurance. Much of Liberty National's health business is generated through worksite marketing targeting small businesses. Health premium at Liberty National Division was $94 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023, and $95 million for the same period in 2022. Liberty National's first-year collected premium rose 12% to $12 million in the six months ended June 30, 2023 compared with $11 million for the same period in 2022. Health net sales for the six months ended June 30, 2023 rose 16% from the comparable period in 2022. The drivers of Liberty National's business discussed previously in the life insurance section also apply to the health business. Despite the increase in health sales from the prior year, health premiums were down slightly due to the run off of two older blocks of business that are no longer actively sold.
The Company's other distribution channels, while primarily focused on selling life insurance, also market health products. The American Income Life Division primarily markets accident plans. The Direct to Consumer Division primarily markets Medicare Supplements to employer or union-sponsored groups. On a combined basis, these other channels accounted for 14% of health premium for the six months ended June 30, 2023 compared with 15% for the same period in 2022.
ANNUITIES
Annuities represent an insignificant part of our business. We do not currently market stand-alone fixed or deferred annuity products, favoring instead protection-oriented life and supplemental health insurance products.
INVESTMENTS
We manage our capital resources, including investments and cash flow, through the investment segment. Excess investment income represents the profit margin attributable to investment operations and is the measure that we use to evaluate the performance of the investment segment as described in Note 12—Business Segments. It is defined as net investment income less the required interest attributable to policy liabilities.
Management also views excess investment income per diluted common share as an important and useful measure to evaluate the performance of the investment segment. It is defined as excess investment income divided by the total diluted weighted average shares outstanding, representing the contribution by the investment segment to the consolidated earnings per share of the Company. As excess investment income per diluted common share incorporates all invested assets and insurance liabilities, we view excess investment income per diluted common share as a useful measure to evaluate the investment segment.
Excess Investment Income. The following table summarizes Globe Life's investment income, excess investment income, and excess investment income per diluted common share.
Analysis of Excess Investment Income
(Dollar amounts in thousands, except for per share data)
Six Months Ended June 30,
Change
2023
2022
Amount
%
Net investment income
$
518,349
$
489,606
$
28,743
6
Interest on policy liabilities(1)
(457,709)
(439,716)
(17,993)
4
Excess investment income
$
60,640
$
49,890
$
10,750
22
Excess investment income per diluted share
$
0.62
$
0.50
$
0.12
24
Mean invested assets (at amortized cost)
$
20,227,250
$
19,540,396
$
686,854
4
Average insurance policy liabilities
16,580,338
15,886,941
693,397
4
(1)Interest on policy liabilities is a component of total policyholder benefits, a GAAP measure. The amounts presented for 2022 have been retrospectively adjusted to exclude the interest on deferred acquisition costs due to the LDTI standard and the interest on debt.
Excess investment income increased $10.8 million, or 22%, compared with the year-ago period. Excess investment income per diluted common share was $0.62 for the six months ended June 30, 2023, an increase of 24% over the prior-year period. Excess investment income per diluted common share generally increases at a faster pace than excess investment income because the number of diluted shares outstanding generally decreases from year to year as a result of our share repurchase program.
Net investment income for the six months ended June 30, 2023 was $518 million or 6% greater than the year-ago period. Mean invested assets increased 4% during the first six months of 2023 over the same period last year. The effective annual yield rate earned on the fixed maturity portfolio was 5.18% in the first six months of 2023, compared with 5.16% a year earlier. Investment income grew at a faster rate than the assets due to new investment yields exceeding the yield on dispositions and the average portfolio yield. We currently expect that the average annual turnover rate of fixed maturity assets will be less than 2% over the next five years and will not have a material impact on net investment income. In addition to fixed maturities, the Company has also invested in commercial mortgage loans and limited partnerships with debt like characteristics that diversify risk and enhance risk-adjusted, capital-adjusted returns on the portfolio. The earned yield on the investment funds for the six months ended June 30, 2023 was 6.09%. See additional information in Note 4—Investments. For the full year 2023, we currently anticipate the average new money rate on our fixed maturity acquisitions to be approximately 50 basis points higher than the yield achieved on our 2022 acquisitions. This expected increase in yields should result in the investment income growth rate being similar to the growth of our average fixed maturity assets.
Globe Life's net investment income benefits from higher interest rates on new investments. While increasing interest rates have resulted in a net unrealized loss included in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) as of June 30, 2023, we are not concerned because we do not generally intend to sell, nor is it likely that we will be required to sell, the fixed maturities prior to their anticipated recovery.
Required interest on insurance policy liabilities reduces excess investment income, as it is the amount of net investment income considered by management necessary to “fund” required interest on insurance policy liabilities. As such, it is removed from the investment segment and applied to the insurance segments to offset the effect of the required interest from the insurance segments. As discussed in Note 12—Business Segments, management regards this as a more meaningful analysis of the investment and insurance segments. Required interest is based on the original discount rate assumptions for our insurance policies in force.
The great majority of our life and health insurance policies are fixed interest rate protection policies, not investment products, and are accounted for under current GAAP accounting guidance for long-duration insurance products
which mandate that interest rate assumptions for a particular block of business be “locked in” for the life of that block of business. Each calendar year, we set the original discount rate to be used to calculate the benefit reserve liability for all insurance policies issued that year. The liability reported on the balance sheet is updated in subsequent periods using current discount rates as of the end of the relevant reporting period with a corresponding adjustment to Other Comprehensive Income. The rates are based on the methodology prescribed in ASU 2018-12. See Note 1—Significant Accounting Policies for additional information.
The discount rate used for policies issued in the current year has no impact on the in-force policies issued in prior years as the rates of all prior issue years are also locked in for purposes of recognizing income. As such, the overall original discount rate for the entire in-force block of 5.5% is a weighted average of the discount rates being used from all issue years. Changes in the overall weighted-average discount rate over time are caused by changes in the mix of the reserves on the entire block of in force business. Business issued in the current year has little impact on the overall weighted-average original discount rate due to the size of our in-force business.
In comparison to the year-ago period, required interest on insurance policy liabilities increased $18 million, or 4%, to $458 million, compared with the 4% growth in average interest-bearing insurance policy liabilities.
Realized Gains and Losses.Our life and health insurance companies collect premium income from policyholders for the eventual payment of policyholder benefits, sometimes paid many years or even decades in the future. Since benefits are expected to be paid in future periods, premium receipts in excess of current expenses are invested to provide for these obligations. For this reason, we hold a significant investment portfolio as a part of our core insurance operations. This portfolio consists primarily of high-quality fixed maturities containing an adequate yield to provide for the cost of carrying these long-term insurance product obligations. As a result, fixed maturities are generally held for long periods to support these obligations. Expected yields on these investments are taken into account when setting insurance premium rates and product profitability expectations.
Despite our intent to hold fixed maturity investments for a long period of time, investments are occasionally sold, exchanged, called, or experience a credit loss event, resulting in a realized gain or loss. Gains or losses are only secondary to our core insurance operations of providing insurance coverage to policyholders. In a bond exchange offer, bondholders may consent to exchange their existing bonds for another class of debt securities. The Company also has investments in certain limited partnerships, held under the fair value option, with fair value changes recognized in Realized gains (losses) in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.
Realized gains and losses can be significant in relation to the earnings from core insurance operations, and as a result, can have a material positive or negative impact on net income. The significant fluctuations caused by gains and losses can cause period-to-period trends of net income that are not indicative of historical core operating results or predictive of the future trends of core operations. Accordingly, they have no bearing on core insurance operations or segment results as we view operations. For these reasons, and in line with industry practice, we remove the effects of realized gains and losses when evaluating overall insurance operating results.
The following table summarizes our tax-effected realized gains (losses) by component.
Analysis of Realized Gains (Losses), Net of Tax
(Dollar amounts in thousands, except for per share data)
Six Months Ended June 30,
2023
2022
Amount
Per Share
Amount
Per Share
Fixed maturities:
Sales
$
(8,544)
$
(0.09)
$
(34,818)
$
(0.35)
Matured or other redemptions(1)
(117)
—
20,699
0.21
Provision for credit losses
(57,281)
(0.59)
306
—
Fair value option—change in fair value
5,598
0.06
(3,469)
(0.03)
Other(2)
(304)
—
(12,493)
(0.13)
Total realized gains (losses)
$
(60,648)
$
(0.62)
$
(29,775)
$
(0.30)
(1)During the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, the Company recorded $17.9 million and $1.9 million, respectively, of exchanges of fixed maturity securities (noncash transactions) that resulted in no realized gains (losses), net of tax in either period.
(2)Other realized gains (losses) are primarily a result of changes in the fair value of exchange traded funds.
During the six months ended June 30, 2023, it was announced Signature Bank New York and First Republic Bank had entered receivership. As a result, the Company established an allowance for credit losses for each of the holdings, and incurred $57 million in total after-tax credit losses during the period related primarily to the bank defaults. The Company did not incur any credit losses during the six months ended June 30, 2022.
Investment Acquisitions. Globe Life's investment policy calls for investing primarily in investment grade fixed maturities that meet our quality and yield objectives. We generally invest in securities with longer-term maturities because they more closely match the long-term nature of our policy liabilities. We believe this strategy is appropriate since our expected future cash flows are generally stable and predictable and the likelihood that we will need to sell invested assets to raise cash is low.
The following table summarizes selected information for fixed maturity investments. The effective annual yield shown is based on the acquisition price and call features, if any, of the securities. For non-callable bonds, the yield is calculated to maturity date. For callable bonds acquired at a premium, the yield is calculated to the earliest known call date and call price after acquisition ("first call date"). For all other callable bonds, the yield is calculated to maturity date.
Fixed Maturity Acquisitions Selected Information
(Dollar amounts in thousands)
Six Months Ended June 30,
2023
2022
Cost of acquisitions:
Investment-grade corporate securities
$
370,711
$
329,059
Investment-grade municipal securities
299,280
416,737
Other investment-grade securities
—
5,000
Total fixed maturity acquisitions(1)
$
669,991
$
750,796
Effective annual yield (one year compounded)(2)
5.79
%
4.67
%
Average life (in years, to next call)
17.4
13.4
Average life (in years, to maturity)
24.6
26.3
Average rating
A+
A+
(1)Fixed maturity acquisitions included unsettled trades of $47 million in 2023 and $36 million in 2022.
(2)Tax-equivalent basis, where the yield on tax-exempt securities is adjusted to produce a yield equivalent to the pretax yield on taxable securities.
For investments in callable bonds, the actual life of the investment will depend on whether the issuer calls the investment prior to the maturity date. Given our investments in callable bonds, the actual average life of our investments cannot be known at the time of the investment. Absent sales and "make-whole calls", however, the average life will not be less than the average life to next call and will not exceed the average life to maturity. Data for both of these average life measures is provided in the above chart.
Acquisitions in both periods consisted primarily of corporate and municipal bonds with securities spanning a diversified range of issuers, industry sectors, and geographical regions. In the first six months of 2023, we invested primarily in the municipal, financial, and industrial sectors. For the entire portfolio, the taxable equivalent effective yield earned was 5.18%, up approximately 2 basis points from the yield in the first six months of 2022. Further, as previously noted in the discussion of net investment income, the increase in taxable equivalent effective yield was primarily due to new purchase yields exceeding the yield on dispositions and the average portfolio yield. For the remainder of 2023, the Company will continue to execute on its existing strategy by seeking to invest in assets that satisfy our quality and other objectives, while maximizing the highest risk-adjusted, capital-adjusted return.
Since fixed maturities represent such a significant portion of our investment portfolio, the remainder of the discussion of portfolio composition will focus on fixed maturities. See a breakdown of the Company's Other long-term investments in Note 4—Investments.
Selected information concerning the fixed maturity portfolio is as follows:
Fixed Maturity Portfolio Selected Information
At
June 30, 2023
December 31, 2022
June 30, 2022
Average annual effective yield(1)
5.21%
5.19%
5.16%
Average life, in years, to:
Next call(2)
14.5
14.7
15.1
Maturity(2)
18.3
18.5
18.8
Effective duration to:
Next call(2,3)
8.8
8.8
9.2
Maturity(2,3)
10.4
10.4
10.8
(1)Tax-equivalent basis. The yield on tax-exempt securities is adjusted to produce a yield equivalent to the pre-tax yield on taxable securities.
(2)Globe Life calculates the average life and duration of the fixed maturity portfolio two ways:
(a) based on the next call date which is the next call date for callable bonds and the maturity date for noncallable bonds, and
(b) based on the maturity date of all bonds, whether callable or not.
(3)Effective duration is a measure of the price sensitivity of a fixed-income security to a 1% change in interest rates.
Credit Risk Sensitivity. The following tables summarize certain information about the major corporate sectors and security types held in our fixed maturity portfolio at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022.
Fixed Maturities by Sector
June 30, 2023
(Dollar amounts in thousands)
Below Investment Grade
Total Fixed Maturities
% of Total Fixed Maturities
Amortized Cost, net
Gross Unrealized Gains
Gross Unrealized Losses
Fair Value
Amortized Cost, net
Gross Unrealized Gains
Gross Unrealized Losses
Fair Value
At Amortized Cost, net
At Fair Value
Corporates:
Financial
Insurance - life, health, P&C
$
107,185
$
—
$
(14,879)
$
92,306
$
2,380,058
$
40,459
$
(203,924)
$
2,216,593
13
13
Banks
27,603
82
(186)
27,499
1,307,587
13,545
(104,061)
1,217,071
7
7
Other financial
74,965
—
(24,574)
50,391
1,191,595
5,315
(185,220)
1,011,690
6
6
Total financial
209,753
82
(39,639)
170,196
4,879,240
59,319
(493,205)
4,445,354
26
26
Industrial
Energy
44,688
—
(10,410)
34,278
1,431,789
27,914
(93,599)
1,366,104
8
8
Basic materials
—
—
—
—
1,125,979
16,280
(88,289)
1,053,970
6
6
Consumer, non-cyclical
—
—
—
—
2,148,941
23,040
(197,998)
1,973,983
11
12
Other industrials
25,407
—
(82)
25,325
1,155,297
22,542
(101,003)
1,076,836
6
6
Communications
—
—
—
—
867,819
9,835
(94,640)
783,014
5
5
Transportation
8,403
—
(371)
8,032
532,274
12,489
(31,634)
513,129
3
3
Consumer. cyclical
91,699
—
(13,757)
77,942
568,529
4,364
(69,905)
502,988
3
3
Technology
32,543
871
—
33,414
284,486
1,146
(52,807)
232,825
2
1
Total industrial
202,740
871
(24,620)
178,991
8,115,114
117,610
(729,875)
7,502,849
44
44
Utilities
34,704
527
(2,072)
33,159
1,988,656
41,220
(114,276)
1,915,600
11
11
Total corporates
447,197
1,480
(66,331)
382,346
14,983,010
218,149
(1,337,356)
13,863,803
81
81
States, municipalities, and political divisions:
General obligations
—
—
—
—
929,831
7,436
(151,145)
786,122
5
5
Revenues
—
—
—
—
2,141,786
29,165
(300,177)
1,870,774
11
11
Total states, municipalities, and political divisions
Corporate securities, which consist of bonds and redeemable preferred stocks, were the largest component of the fixed maturity portfolio as of June 30, 2023, representing 81% of amortized cost, net, as well as 81% of fair value. The remainder of the portfolio is invested primarily in securities issued by the U.S. government and U.S. municipalities. The Company holds insignificant amounts in foreign government bonds, collateralized debt obligations, asset-backed securities, and mortgage-backed securities. Corporate securities are diversified over a variety of industry sectors and issuers. At June 30, 2023, the total fixed maturity portfolio consisted of 986 issuers.
Fixed maturities had a fair value of $17.0 billion at June 30, 2023, compared with $16.5 billion at December 31, 2022. The net unrealized loss position in the fixed-maturity portfolio decreased from $1.8 billion at December 31, 2022 to $1.6 billion at June 30, 2023 due to a decrease in market rates during the period.
For more information about our fixed maturity portfolio by component at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, including a discussion of allowance for credit losses, an analysis of unrealized investment losses and a schedule of maturities, see Note 4—Investments.
An analysis of the fixed maturity portfolio by composite quality rating at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, is shown in the following tables. The composite rating for each security, other than private-placement securities managed by third parties, is the average of the security’s available ratings as assigned by Moody’s Investor Service, Standard & Poor’s, Fitch Ratings, and Dominion Bond Rating Service, LTD. The ratings assigned by these four nationally recognized statistical rating organizations are evenly weighted when calculating the average. The composite quality rating is created utilizing a methodology developed by Globe Life using ratings from the various rating agencies noted above. The composite quality rating is not a Standard & Poor's credit rating. Standard & Poor's does not sponsor, endorse, or promote the composite quality rating and shall not be liable for any use of the composite quality rating. Included in the following chart are private placement fixed maturity holdings of $452 million at amortized cost, net of allowance for credit losses ($411 million at fair value) for which the ratings were assigned by the third-party managers.
Fixed Maturities by Rating
At June 30, 2023
(Dollar amounts in thousands)
Amortized Cost, net
% of Total
Fair Value
% of Total
Average Composite Quality Rating on Amortized Cost, net
Average Composite Quality Rating on Amortized Cost
Investment grade:
AAA
$
828,315
5
$
733,524
4
AA
2,779,587
15
2,260,257
14
A
4,752,633
26
4,438,913
27
BBB+
3,934,053
21
3,639,118
22
BBB
4,254,730
23
3,844,182
23
BBB-
1,209,877
7
1,112,808
7
Total investment grade
17,759,195
97
16,028,802
97
A-
Below investment grade:
BB
462,356
3
389,132
3
B
43,044
—
35,067
—
Below B
37,097
—
50,364
—
Total below investment grade
542,497
3
474,563
3
BB-
$
18,301,692
100
$
16,503,365
100
Weighted average composite quality rating
A-
The overall quality rating of the portfolio is A-, the same as of year-end 2022. Fixed maturities rated BBB are 49% of the total portfolio at June 30, 2023, down slightly from 51% as of year-end 2022. While this ratio is high relative to our peers, we have limited exposure to higher-risk assets such as derivatives, equities, and asset-backed securities. Additionally, the Company does not participate in securities lending and has no off-balance sheet investments as of June 30, 2023. Of our fixed maturity purchases, BBB securities generally provide the Company with the best risk-adjusted, capital-adjusted returns largely due to our ability to hold securities to maturity regardless of fluctuations in interest rates or equity markets.
An analysis of changes in our portfolio of below-investment grade fixed maturities at amortized cost, net of allowance for credit losses is as follows:
Below-Investment Grade Fixed Maturities
(Dollar amounts in thousands)
Six Months Ended June 30,
2023
2022
Balance at beginning of period
$
542,497
$
701,546
Downgrades by rating agencies
107,061
50,178
Upgrades by rating agencies
(32,540)
(95,220)
Dispositions
(49,992)
(75,297)
Provision for credit losses
(72,508)
(31)
Amortization and other
1,890
3,350
Balance at end of period
$
496,408
$
584,526
Our investment policy calls for investing primarily in fixed maturities that are investment grade and meet our quality and yield objectives. Thus, any increases in below-investment grade issues are typically a result of ratings downgrades of existing holdings. Below-investment grade bonds at amortized cost, net of allowance for credit
losses, were 7% of our shareholders’ equity excluding accumulated other comprehensive income as of June 30, 2023. Globe Life invests long term and as such, one of our key criterion in our investment process is to select issuers that have the ability to weather multiple financial cycles.
OPERATING EXPENSES
Operating expenses are included in the "Corporate and Other" segment and are classified into two categories: insurance administrative expenses and expenses of the Parent Company. Insurance administrative expenses generally include expenses incurred after a policy has been issued. As these expenses relate to premium for a given period, management measures the expenses as a percentage of premium income. The Company also views stock-based compensation expense as a Parent Company expense. Expenses associated with the issuance of our insurance policies are reflected as acquisition expenses and included in the determination of underwriting margin.
Total operating expenses for June 30, 2023 decreased compared with the prior year. Insurance administrative expenses increased $3.1 million primarily due to higher information technology costs, information security costs, and other administrative costs offset by a decline in pension-related employee benefit costs. Insurance administrative expenses as a percent of premium were 6.8% for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022.
Globe Life has an ongoing share repurchase program that began in 1986, and is reviewed with the Board of Directors by management quarterly and reaffirmed by the Board of Directors annually. With no specified authorization amount, management determines the amount of repurchases based on the amount of the excess cash flows after the payment of dividends to the Parent Company shareholders, general market conditions, and other alternative uses. Since implementing our share repurchase program in 1986, we have used $9.2 billion of excess cash flow at the Parent Company to repurchase Globe Life Inc. common shares after determining that the repurchases provide a greater risk-adjusted after-tax return than other investment alternatives.
Excess cash flow at the Parent Company is primarily comprised of dividends received from the insurance subsidiaries less interest expense paid on its debt and other limited operating activities. The majority of our share repurchases are made from excess cash flow after the payment of shareholder dividends. Additionally, when stock options are exercised, proceeds from these exercises and the resulting tax benefit are used to repurchase additional shares on the open market to minimize dilution as a result of the option exercises. On August 10, 2022, the Board of Directors reauthorized the Parent Company’s share repurchase program in amounts and with timing that management, in consultation with the Board, determines to be in the best interest of the Company and its shareholders.
The following chart summarizes share repurchases for the six month periods ended June 30, 2023 and 2022.
Analysis of Share Repurchases
(Amounts in thousands, except per share data)
Six Months Ended June 30,
2023
2022
Shares
Amount
Average Price
Shares
Amount
Average Price
Purchases with:
Excess cash flow at the Parent Company(1)
1,955
$
218,807
$
111.94
2,268
$
222,785
$
98.22
Option exercise proceeds
419
48,255
115.17
397
40,636
102.47
Total
2,374
$
267,062
$
112.51
2,665
$
263,421
$
98.85
(1)Excludes excise tax on the repurchase of treasury stock of $2.0 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023.
Throughout the remainder of this discussion, share repurchases will only refer to those made from excess cash flow at the Parent Company.
FINANCIAL CONDITION
Liquidity. Liquidity provides Globe Life with the ability to meet on demand the cash commitments required to support our business operations and meet our financial obligations. Our liquidity is primarily derived from multiple sources: positive cash flow from operations, a portfolio of marketable securities, a revolving credit facility, commercial paper, and the Federal Home Loan Bank.
Insurance Subsidiary Liquidity. The operations of our insurance subsidiaries have historically generated substantial cash inflows in excess of immediate cash needs. Cash inflows for the insurance subsidiaries primarily include premium and investment income. In addition to investment income, maturities and scheduled repayments in the investment portfolio are cash inflows. Cash outflows from operations include policy benefit payments, commissions, administrative expenses, and taxes. A portion of the excess cash inflows in the current year will provide for the payment of future policy benefits and are invested primarily in long-term fixed maturities as they better match the long-term nature of these obligations. Excess cash available from the insurance subsidiaries’ operations is generally distributed as a dividend to the Parent Company, subject to regulatory restrictions. The dividends are generally paid in amounts equal to the subsidiaries’ prior year statutory net income excluding realized capital gains. While the leading source of the excess cash is investment income, a significant portion of the excess cash also comes from underwriting income due to our high underwriting margins and effective expense control. While the insurance subsidiaries annually generate more operating cash inflows than cash outflows, the companies
also have the entire available-for-sale fixed maturity investment portfolio available to create additional cash flows if required.
Four of our insurance subsidiaries are members of the FHLB of Dallas. FHLB membership provides the insurance subsidiaries with access to various low-cost collateralized borrowings and funding agreements. While not the only source of liquidity, the FHLB could provide the insurance subsidiaries with an additional source of liquidity, if needed. Refer to Note 11—Debt for further details.
Parent Company Liquidity. An important source of Parent Company liquidity is the dividends from its insurance subsidiaries. These dividends are received throughout the year and are used by the Parent Company to pay dividends on common and preferred stock, interest and principal repayment requirements on Parent Company debt, and operating expenses of the Parent Company.
Six Months Ended June 30,
Twelve Months Ended December 31,
2023
2022
Projected 2023
2022
Liquidity Sources:
Dividends from Subsidiaries
$
300,574
$
233,936
$460,000—470,000
$
407,042
Excess Cash Flows(1)
238,547
174,610
340,000—350,000
278,434
(1)Excess cash flows are reported net of shareholder dividends. For the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, shareholder dividends were $42 million and $40 million, respectively. For the twelve months ended December 31, 2023, we project approximately $84 million in shareholder dividends, compared to the $81 million paid in 2022.
Dividends from subsidiaries and excess cash flows are projected to be higher in 2023 than in 2022 primarily due to lower life obligations and the growth in our underwriting margins, both of which resulted in higher statutory earnings generated by the affiliates. Additional sources of liquidity for the Parent Company are cash, intercompany receivables, intercompany borrowings, public debt markets, term loans, and a revolving credit facility. At June 30, 2023, the Parent Company had access to $74 million of invested cash, net intercompany receivables, and other liquid assets.
Short-Term Borrowings. An additional source of Parent Company liquidity is a credit facility with a group of lenders allowing for unsecured borrowings and stand-by letters of credit up to $750 million, which could be extended up to $1 billion. While the Parent Company may request the extension, it is not guaranteed. Up to $250 million in letters of credit can be issued against the facility. The facility serves as a back-up line of credit for a commercial paper program under which commercial paper may be issued at any time, with total commercial paper outstanding not to exceed the facility maximum, less any letters of credit issued. Interest charged on the commercial paper program resembles variable rate debt due to its short term nature. On September 30, 2021, Globe Life amended the credit agreement dated August 24, 2020. The five-year credit agreement will now mature on September 30, 2026. As of June 30, 2023, the Parent Company was in full compliance with all covenants related to the aforementioned debt.
As a part of the credit facility, Globe Life has stand-by letters of credits. These letters of credit are issued on behalf of our insurance subsidiaries.
The following tables present certain information about our commercial paper borrowings.
Balance of commercial paper at end of period (par value)
$
260,000
$
285,000
$
180,000
Annualized interest rate
5.57
%
4.78
%
1.73
%
Letters of credit outstanding
$
115,000
$
125,000
$
125,000
Remaining amount available under credit line
375,000
340,000
445,000
Credit Facility—Commercial Paper Activity
(Dollar amounts in thousands)
Six Months Ended June 30,
2023
2022
Average balance of commercial paper outstanding during period (par value)
$
313,259
$
369,468
Daily-weighted average interest rate (annualized)
5.21
%
0.69
%
Maximum daily amount outstanding during period (par value)
$
477,700
$
500,529
The Company reduced the commercial paper borrowings by $25 million since year-end. We had no difficulties in accessing the commercial paper market under this facility during the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022.
Globe Life expects to have readily available funds for 2023 and the foreseeable future to conduct its operations and to maintain target capital ratios in the insurance subsidiaries through liquid assets currently available, internally-generated cash flow and the credit facility. In the unlikely event that more liquidity is needed, the Parent Company could generate additional funds through multiple sources including, but not limited to, the issuance of debt, an additional short-term credit facility or term loan, and intercompany borrowing.
Consolidated Liquidity. Consolidated net cash inflows from operations were $804 million in the first six months of 2023, compared with $693 million in the same period of 2022. The increase is primarily attributable to fluctuations in the settlement of certain amounts included in other liabilities. In addition to cash inflows from operations, our insurance companies received proceeds from dispositions of fixed maturities available for sale and other long-term investments in the amount of $344 million during the first six months of 2023. As previously noted under the caption Credit Facility, the Parent Company has in place a revolving credit facility. The insurance companies have no additional outstanding credit facilities.
Cash and short-term investments were $146 million at June 30, 2023, compared with $207 million at December 31, 2022. In addition to these liquid assets, $17 billion of fixed income securities are available for sale in the event of an unexpected need. Approximately $525 million, at fair value, are pledged for outstanding FHLB advances and reinsurance. Further, approximately 97% of our fixed income securities are publicly traded, freely tradable under SEC Rule 144, or qualified for resale under SEC Rule 144A. While our fixed income securities are classified as available for sale, we have the ability and general intent to hold any securities to recovery or maturity. Our strong cash flows from operations, on-going investment maturities, and available liquidity under our credit facility make any need to sell securities for liquidity highly unlikely.
Capital Resources.The Parent Company's capital structure consists of short-term debt (the commercial paper facility and current maturities of long-term debt), long-term debt, and shareholders’ equity.
Long-Term Borrowings. The outstanding long-term debt at book value was $1.8 billion at June 30, 2023 and $1.6 billion at December 31, 2022.
Selected Information about Debt Issues
As of June 30, 2023
(Dollar amounts in thousands)
Instrument
Issue Date
Maturity Date
Coupon Rate
Interest Payment Dates
Par Value
Book Value
Fair Value
Senior notes
09/27/2018
09/15/2028
4.550%
semiannual
$
550,000
$
545,942
$
531,146
Senior notes
08/21/2020
08/15/2030
2.150%
semiannual
400,000
396,445
315,536
Senior notes(1)
05/19/2022
06/15/2032
4.800%
semiannual
250,000
245,683
239,521
Junior subordinated debentures
11/17/2017
11/17/2057
5.275%
semiannual
125,000
123,418
122,104
Junior subordinated debentures
06/14/2021
06/15/2061
4.250%
quarterly
325,000
317,268
255,580
Term loan(2)
05/11/2023
11/11/2024
6.200%
quarterly
170,000
169,361
169,361
Total long-term debt
1,820,000
1,798,117
1,633,248
Commercial paper
260,000
258,232
258,232
Total short-term debt
260,000
258,232
258,232
Total debt
$
2,080,000
$
2,056,349
$
1,891,480
(1)An additional $150 million par value and book value is held by insurance subsidiaries that eliminates in consolidation.
(2)Interest calculated quarterly using SOFR plus 135 basis points.
On May 11, 2023, Globe Life issued a $170 million term loan with an 18-month term and a variable interest rate. The proceeds from the term loan were used to retire the 7.875% Senior Notes which matured on May 15, 2023. Refer to Note 11—Debt for a complete analysis and description of long-term debt issues outstanding.
Financing costs for the corporate and other segment consist primarily of interest on our various debt instruments. The table below presents the components of financing costs and reconciles interest expense per the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.
Analysis of Financing Costs
(Dollar amounts in thousands)
Six Months Ended June 30,
Increase (Decrease)
2023
2022
Amount
%
Interest on funded debt
$
38,822
$
38,745
$
77
—
Interest on term loans
1,564
—
1,564
—
Interest on short-term debt
10,286
3,027
7,259
240
Other
13
—
13
—
Financing costs
$
50,685
$
41,772
$
8,913
21
During the first six months of 2023, financing costs increased 21% compared with the prior year. The increase in financing costs is primarily due to higher short-term interest rates. More information on our debt transactions is disclosed in the Financial Condition section of this report.
Subsidiary Capital: The National Association of Insurance Commissioners (NAIC) has established a risk-based factor approach for determining threshold risk-based capital levels for all insurance companies. This approach was
designed to assist the regulatory bodies in identifying companies that may require regulatory attention. A Risk-Based Capital (RBC) ratio is typically determined by dividing adjusted total statutory capital by the amount of risk-based capital determined using the NAIC’s factors. If a company’s RBC ratio approaches two times the RBC amount, the company must file a plan with the NAIC for improving its capital levels (this level is commonly referred to as “Company Action Level” RBC). Companies typically hold a multiple of the Company Action Level RBC depending on their particular business needs and risk profile.
Our goal is to maintain statutory capital within our insurance subsidiaries at levels necessary to support our current ratings. For 2023, Globe Life has targeted a consolidated Company Action Level RBC ratio of 300% to 320%. The Company has concluded that this capital level is more than adequate and sufficient to support its current ratings, given the nature of its business and its risk profile. For 2022, our consolidated Company Action Level RBC ratio was 321%. The Parent Company is committed to maintaining the targeted consolidated RBC ratio at its insurance subsidiaries and has sufficient liquidity available to provide additional capital if necessary.
Shareholders' Equity: In 2023, new guidance became effective that impacted the accounting for our long duration contracts with significant effects to shareholders' equity. Please see Note 2—New Accounting Standards for additional information.
Shareholders’ equity was $4.0 billion at June 30, 2023. This compares with $3.9 billion at December 31, 2022 and $3.2 billion at June 30, 2022, as adjusted. During the six months since December 31, 2022, shareholders’ equity increased as a result of net income of $439 million during the first six months of 2023, but was offset by share repurchases of $219 million and an additional $48 million in share repurchases to offset the dilution from stock option exercises. Additionally, AOCI declined $154 million primarily due to increased interest rates and discount rates over the period.
On June 21, 2023, the Parent Company announced that it had declared a quarterly dividend of $0.2250 per share. This dividend was paid on August 1, 2023.
We plan to use excess cash available at the Parent Company as efficiently as possible in the future. Possible uses of excess cash flow include, but are not limited to, share repurchases, acquisitions, shareholder dividend payments, investments in securities, or repayment of short-term debt. We will determine the best use of excess cash after ensuring that targeted capital levels are maintained in our insurance subsidiaries. If market conditions are favorable, we currently expect that share repurchases will continue to be a primary use of those funds..
As previously noted, the liability for future policy benefits under ASU 2018-12 is required to be computed using current discount rates with the impact of changes in discount rates included in accumulated other comprehensive income. Additionally, the guidance requires the liability for future policy benefits to be calculated using net premiums rather than gross premiums. Given that gross premiums are considerably higher than net premiums for our business, as seen in Note 6—Policy Liabilities, the measurement of the liability is higher than what it would be had it been computed using gross premiums. This is an important consideration when analyzing shareholders' equity.
Globe Life is required under GAAP to revalue its available for sale fixed maturity portfolio to fair market value at the end of each accounting period. These changes, net of their associated impact on income tax, are reflected directly in shareholders’ equity. Fluctuations in interest rates cause undue volatility in the period-to-period presentation of our shareholders’ equity, capital structure, and financial ratios. Due to the long-term nature of our fixed maturity investments and policy liabilities and the strong cash flows consistently generated by our insurance subsidiaries, we have the ability to hold our securities to maturity. As such, we do not expect to incur losses due to fluctuations in market value of fixed maturities caused by market rate changes and temporarily illiquid markets. Accordingly, our management, credit rating agencies, lenders, many industry analysts, and certain other financial statement users prefer to remove the effect of this accounting rule when analyzing our balance sheet, capital structure, and financial ratios.
The following critical accounting policies were updated since the 2022 Form 10-K due to the adoption of ASU 2018-12, Financial Services - Insurance (Topic 944): Targeted Improvements to the Accounting for Long-Duration Contracts (ASU 2018-12). Additional information on our accounting policies is disclosed in Note 1—Significant Accounting Policies.
Future Policy Benefits. The liability for future policy benefits for traditional and limited-payment long duration life and health products comprises approximately 92% of the total liability for future policy benefits. The liability is determined each reporting period based on the net level premium method. This method requires the liability for future policy benefits to be calculated as the present value of estimated future policyholder benefits and the related termination expenses, less the present value of estimated future net premiums to be collected from policyholders. Net level premiums reflect a recomputed net premium ratio using actual experience since the issue date or the Transition Date, and expected future experience. The liability is accrued as premium revenue is recognized and adjusted for differences between actual and expected experience. Long-duration insurance contracts issued by the Company are grouped into cohorts based on the contract issue year, distribution channel, legal entity, and product type.
The Company reviews, and updates as necessary, its cash flow assumptions (mortality, morbidity, lapses, and persistency) used to calculate the change in the liability for future policy benefits at least annually. These cash flow assumptions are reviewed at the same time every year, or more frequently, if suggested by experience. If cash flow assumptions are changed, the net premium ratio is recalculated from the original issue date, or the Transition Date, using actual experience and projected future cash flows. When the expected future net premiums exceed the expected future gross premiums, or the present value of future policyholder benefits exceeds the present value of expected future gross premiums, the liability for future policy benefits is adjusted with changes recognized in policyholder benefits on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. The cash flow assumptions do not include an adjustment for adverse deviation. Mortality tables used for individual life insurance include various industry tables and reflect modifications based on Company experience. Morbidity assumptions for individual health are based on Company experience and industry data. Lapse and persistency assumptions are based on Globe Life's experience.
The liability for future policy benefits is discounted using a current upper-medium grade fixed-income instrument yield that reflects the duration characteristics of the liability for future policy benefits. The discount rate assumption is updated each reporting period with the effect of the changes in the liability included in Other Comprehensive Income (OCI). The methodology for determining current discount rates consists of constructing a discount rate curve intended to be reflective of the currency and tenor of the insurance liability cash flows. The methodology is designed to prioritize observable inputs based on market data available in the local debt markets denominated in the same currency as the policies. For the discount rates applicable to tenors for which the single-A debt market is not liquid or there is little or no observable market data, the Company will use estimation techniques consistent with the fair value guidance in ASC 820. We further accrete interest as a component of policyholder benefits using the original discount rate that is locked-in during the year of contract issuance. The original discount rates (or the locked-in discount rates) are used for interest accretion purposes and for the determination of net premiums, whereas the current discount rates are used for purposes of valuing the liability.
The discount rate assumption is key in determining the change in the value of the liability for future benefits for long duration life and health contracts. Since the liability for future policy benefits for traditional and limited-payment long duration life and health products comprises approximately 92% of the total liability for future policy benefits, it is subject to interest rate risk. A decrease in discount rates will cause an increase in the obligation, and changes in assumptions may cause significant differences in results.
The following table illustrates the interest rate risk sensitivity of our liability for future policy benefits as of June 30, 2023 and 2022. This table measures the effect of a parallel shift in discount rates on the liability. The data measures the change in reported value arising from an immediate change in rates in increments of 50 and 100 basis points, which would be recorded as a component of OCI.
Value of Liability for Future Policy Benefits
(Dollar amounts in thousands)
At June 30,
Change in Discount Rates(1)
2023
2022
(200)
$
27,459,123
$
28,090,094
(100)
22,423,926
22,900,254
(50)
20,447,467
20,860,951
0
18,746,514
19,105,334
50
17,273,450
17,584,780
100
15,990,171
16,260,277
200
13,875,946
14,079,260
(1) In basis points.
Deferred Acquisition Costs.Certain costs of acquiring new insurance business are deferred and recorded as an asset. These costs are capitalized on a grouped contract basis and amortized over the expected term of the related contracts, and are essential for the acquisition of new insurance business. Deferred acquisition costs (DAC) are directly related to the successful issuance of an insurance contract, and primarily include sales commissions, policy issue costs, Direct to Consumer advertising costs, and underwriting costs. Additionally, DAC includes the value of business acquired (VOBA), which are the costs of acquiring blocks of insurance from other companies or through the acquisition of other companies. These costs represent the difference between the fair value of the contractual insurance assets acquired and liabilities assumed, compared against the assets and liabilities for insurance contracts that the Company issues or holds measured in accordance with GAAP.
DAC is amortized on a constant-level basis over the expected term of the grouped contracts, with the related expense included in amortization of deferred acquisition costs on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. The in-force metric used to compute the DAC amortization rate is annualized premium in force. The assumptions used to amortize acquisition costs include mortality, morbidity, and persistency. These assumptions will be reviewed at least annually and revised in conjunction with any change in the future policy benefit assumptions. The effect of changes in the assumptions will be recognized over the remaining expected contract term as a revision of future amortization amounts.
VOBA is amortized on a basis that is consistent with DAC, as described above, and is subject to periodic recoverability and loss recognition testing to determine if there is a premium deficiency. These tests evaluate whether the present value of future contract-related cash flows will support the capitalized VOBA asset. These cash flows consist primarily of premium income, less benefits and expenses. The present value of these cash flows, less the reserve liability, is then compared with the unamortized balance. In the event the estimated present value of net cash flows is less, the deficiency would be recognized by a charge to earnings and either a reduction of unamortized acquisition costs or an increase in the liability for future benefits.
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
There have been no quantitative or qualitative changes with respect to market risk exposure during the six months ended June 30, 2023.
Item 4. Controls and Procedures
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures: Globe Life Inc., under the direction of the Co-Chairmen and Chief Executive Officers and the Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer, has established disclosure controls and procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by Globe Life in the reports that it files or submits under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms. The disclosure controls and procedures are also intended to ensure that such information is accumulated and communicated to Globe Life's management, including the Co-Chairmen and Chief Executive Officers and the Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosures.
As of the end of the fiscal period completed June 30, 2023, an evaluation was performed under the supervision and with the participation of Globe Life management, including the Co-Chairmen and Chief Executive Officers and the Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer, of the disclosure controls and procedures (as those terms are defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934). Based upon their evaluation, the Co-Chairmen and Chief Executive Officers and the Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that disclosure controls and procedures are effective as of the date of this Form 10-Q. In compliance with Section 302 of the Sarbanes Oxley Act of 2002 (18 U.S.C. § 1350), each of these officers executed a Certification included as an exhibit to this Form 10-Q.
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting: During the period ended June 30, 2023 there have not been any changes to Globe Life Inc.'s internal control over financial reporting, or in other factors that could significantly affect the internal control over financial reporting subsequent to the date of their evaluation, which have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, internal control over financial reporting.
The Company had no material changes to its risk factors.
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
Purchases of Certain Equity Securities by the Issuer and Others for the Second Quarter of 2023
Period
(a) Total Number
of Shares
Purchased
(b) Average
Price Paid
Per Share
(c) Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs
(d) Maximum Number
of Shares (or
Approximate Dollar
Amount) that May
Yet Be Purchased
Under the Plans or
Programs
April 1-30, 2023
209,309
$
108.40
209,309
May 1-31, 2023
445,587
106.92
445,587
June 1-30, 2023
174,710
106.78
174,710
On August 10, 2022, the Globe Life Board of Directors reaffirmed its continued authorization of the Company's stock repurchase program in amounts and with timing that management, in consultation with the Board, determined to be in the best interest of the Company. The program has no defined expiration date or maximum shares to be repurchased.
XBRL Instance Document- the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data file because the XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
GLOBE LIFE INC.
Date: August 8, 2023
/s/ J. Matthew Darden
J. Matthew Darden
Co-Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
Date: August 8, 2023
/s/ Frank M. Svoboda
Frank M. Svoboda
Co-Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
Date: August 8, 2023
/s/ Thomas P. Kalmbach
Thomas P. Kalmbach
Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
